Abstract: A substrate coating method may include: translating the substrate in a first direction through a spray zone while spraying a fluid coating on a first uncoated surface portion to produce a first coated surface portion; heating at least the first coated surface portion to form a first cured coating while translating the substrate through the heating zone in the first direction and a second, opposite direction; manipulating a second uncoated surface portion in a position to be spray-coated; spraying the fluid coating onto the second uncoated surface portion while translating the substrate in the first direction through the spray zone to produce a second coated surface portion; and heating at least the second coated surface portion to form a second cured coating while translating the substrate in the first direction through the heating zone. The method may thereby provide the substrate with the first and second cured coatings.

Abstract: A substrate coating method may include: translating the substrate in a first direction through a spray zone while spraying a fluid coating on a first uncoated surface portion to produce a first coated surface portion; heating at least the first coated surface portion to form a first cured coating while translating the substrate through the heating zone in the first direction and a second, opposite direction; manipulating a second uncoated surface portion in a position to be spray-coated; spraying the fluid coating onto the second uncoated surface portion while translating the substrate in the first direction through the spray zone to produce a second coated surface portion; and heating at least the second coated surface portion to form a second cured coating while translating the substrate in the first direction through the heating zone. The method may thereby provide the substrate with the first and second cured coatings.

Abstract: A process and an assembly for simultaneously evaluating a plurality of catalysts is provided wherein the flow rate of a reactive fluid to each of a plurality of reactors is automatically adjusted based on the measured amount of catalyst sample in each reactor to concurrently obtain a substantially identical fluid space velocity in each of the reactors.

Abstract: The use of a low space-velocity reactor containing transalkylation catalysts to react heavy aromatic compounds of carbon number nine (and heavier carbon numbers) with benzene to form carbon number eight aromatics is disclosed. Conditions of low space-velocity promote approach to equilibrium at temperatures favoring carbon number eight aromatics. The catalyst system preserves ethyl-group species on the heavier aromatics that would otherwise be de-ethylated over most gas-phase transalkylation catalysts to form undesired ethane gas with benzene or toluene. The catalyst system also promotes methyl-group species transalkylation at selected conditions. Thus, by using a transalkylation step to save ethylbenzene, a greater yield of para-xylene or other carbon number eight aromatics may be achieved within an integrated aromatics complex.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for rapidly generating a plurality of isolated effluents have been developed. A specific embodiment involves screening a plurality of solids through simultaneously contacting the members of the plurality with a fluid, sampling the resulting fluids, and processing the resulting fluids to, for example, determine changes as compared to the feed fluid or as compared to other resulting fluids.

Abstract: A process vessel containing both an evaporation zone for evaporating a liquid feed and a treatment zone for treating the resulting vapor comprises an injector having an orifice, the orifice being in the evaporation zone, at least one evaporation surface for evaporating feed and generating vapor, the evaporation surface being located in the evaporation zone, wherein the injector orifice and the evaporation surface are positioned to prevent the formation of a drop at the orifice, a treatment zone for treating the vapor and at least one heater associated with at least a portion of the process vessel.

Abstract: A process vessel containing both an evaporation zone for evaporating a liquid feed and a treatment zone for treating the resulting vapor comprises an injector having an orifice, the orifice being in the evaporation zone, at least one evaporation surface for evaporating feed and generating vapor, the evaporation surface being located in the evaporation zone, wherein the injector orifice and the evaporation surface are positioned to prevent the formation of a drop at the orifice, a treatment zone for treating the vapor and at least one heater associated with at least a portion of the process vessel.

Abstract: A process vessel containing both an evaporation zone for evaporating a liquid feed and a treatment zone for treating the resulting vapor comprises an injector having an orifice, the orifice being in the evaporation zone, at least one evaporation surface for evaporating feed and generating vapor, the evaporation surface being located in the evaporation zone, wherein the injector orifice and the evaporation surface are positioned to prevent the formation of a drop at the orifice, a treatment zone for treating the vapor and at least one heater associated with at least a portion of the process vessel.