Abstract: An internal combustion engine controller comprising a memory and a processor is provided. The memory is configured to store a plurality of control maps, each control map defining a hypersurface of actuator setpoints for controlling an actuator of the internal combustion engine based on a plurality of input variables to the internal combustion engine controller. The processor comprises an engine setpoint module and a map updating module. The engine setpoint module is configured to output a control signal to each actuator based on a location on the hypersurface of the respective control map defined by the plurality of input variables. The map updating module is configured to calculate an optimised hypersurface for at least one of the control maps. The optimised hypersurface is calculated based on a real-time performance model of the internal combustion engine comprising sensor data from the internal combustion engine and the plurality of input variables.

Abstract: The invention relates to newly identified pentamine based surfactant compounds, to the use of such compounds and their production. The invention also relates to the use of the pentamine based compounds to facilitate the transfer of polynucleotides into cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to newly identified spermidine based surfactant compounds, to the use of such compounds and to their production. The invention also relates to the use of the spermidine based compounds to facilitate the transfer of polynucleotides into cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to newly identified spermidine based surfactant compounds, to the use of such compounds and to their production. The invention also relates to the use of the spermidine based compounds to facilitate the transfer of polynucleotides into cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to newly identified ester-linked gemini surfactant compounds, to the use of such compounds and to their production. The invention also relates to the use of the ester-linked gemini surfactant compounds to facilitate the transfer of polynucleotides into cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to newly identified pentamine based surfactant compounds, to the use of such compounds and to their production. The invention also relates to the use of the pentamine based compounds to facilitate the transfer of polynucleotides into cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to newly identified ester-linked gemini surfactant compounds, to the use of such compounds and to their production. The invention also relates to the use of the ester-linked gemini surfactant compounds to facilitate the transfer of polynucleotides into cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to newly identified ester-linked Gemini surfactant compounds of formula (I), where Y is either H or (Aa)x where (Aa) is a basic amino acid and x is 1 to 6, to the use of such compounds and to their production. The invention also relates to the use of the ester-linked Gemini surfactant compounds to facilitate the transfer of polynucleotide into cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to newly identified ester-linked Gemini surfactant compounds of formula (I), where Y is either H or (Aa)x where (Aa) is a basic amino acid and x is 1 to 6, to the use of such compounds and to their production. The invention also relates to the use of the ester-linked Gemini surfactant compounds to facilitate the transfer of polynucleotide into cells.

Abstract: A reaction station for performing parallel synthesis with magnetic stirring. The device is capable of accommodating a plurality of reaction vessels being specifically adapted so that when placed in a magnetic field, such as that generated by a laboratory magnetic stirrer, any reaction vessel accommodated by the device is in an effective position for stirring with respect to the magnetic field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of tachykinin antagonists, including substance P antagonists and other neurokinin antagonists, in the treatment of emesis. Also described are novel tachykinin antagonists of formula (I), processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their medical use. wherein R represents the ring A or 2-pyridinyl or 2-pyridinyl-N-oxide; R1 is selected from halogen atoms and C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, and S(O)nC1-4alkyl groups; R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, each independently are selected from hydrogen and halogen atoms and C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, trifluoromethyl and cyano groups; n represents zero, 1 or 2; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of tachykinin antagonists, including substance P antagonists and other neurokinin antagonists, in the treatment of emesis. Also described are novel tachykinin antagonists of formula (I), processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their medical use. ##STR1## wherein R represents the ring A ##STR2## or 2-pyridinyl or 2-pyridinyl-N-oxide; R.sup.1 is selected from halogen atoms and C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, and S(O).sub.n C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different, each independently are selected from hydrogen and halogen atoms and C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl and cyano groups;n represents zero, 1 or 2;and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.