Abstract: A high quality real-time Turbo-Mud processing system that chooses between a high complexity multi-user detectors that results in better estimates of the bit streams and computationally low linear-based-MUD/Turbo-MUD at each MUD window in each Turbo Iteration. In one embodiment this technique optimizes both the BER and the computational complexity of the receiver by using low complexity MUDs to reduce the number of symbols that the high complexity MUDs need to process. The present invention also provides an efficient means of estimating symbols transmitted in a multi-user environment in overloaded or super-saturated conditions.

Abstract: A calibration system is provided for calibrating frequency domain reflectometers in the field by using both the scattering parameters of the multi-port junction determined at the factory and changing the offset and gain terms used in generating a complex reflection coefficient by using internal calibrated loads so that heavy, cumbersome external calibrated transmission lines are not required. In one embodiment the internal calibrated loads include RLC circuits and in another embodiment the internal calibrated loads include attenuators. Further, retesting or recalibration does not necessitate reconnecting the cable under test, which may remain connected to the reflectometer's test port throughout the procedure.

Abstract: A calibration system is provided for calibrating frequency domain reflectometers in the field by using both the scattering parameters of the multi-port junction determined at the factory and changing the offset and gain terms used in generating a complex reflection coefficient by using internal calibrated loads so that heavy, cumbersome external calibrated transmission lines are not required. In one embodiment the internal calibrated loads include RLC circuits and in another embodiment the internal calibrated loads include attenuators. Further, retesting or recalibration does not necessitate reconnecting the cable under test, which may remain connected to the reflectometer's test port throughout the procedure.

Abstract: A calibration system is provided for calibrating frequency domain reflectometers in the field by using both the scattering parameters of the multi-port junction determined at the factory and changing the offset and gain terms used in generating a complex reflection coefficient by using internal calibrated loads so that heavy, cumbersome external calibrated transmission lines are not required. In one embodiment the internal calibrated loads include RLC circuits and in another embodiment the internal calibrated loads include attenuators. Further, retesting or recalibration does not necessitate reconnecting the cable under test, which may remain connected to the reflectometer's test port throughout the procedure.