Abstract: A mode scrambler comprises an optical fiber adapter having a diffuser disposed between optical fiber mating ends of the optical fiber adapter. When a single mode optical signal is launched in the mode scrambler, the mode scrambler converts the single mode optical signal to a multimode optical signal that has a substantially even intensity distribution across the modes.

Abstract: An optical fiber assembly includes an optical fiber and ferrule. The ferrule's face is partitioned into several regions. Optical elements can be formed on the regions to diffract light incident on the ferrule. Alternatively, the ferrule's face may have several reflective facets. Light incident on the end of the optical fiber propagates to a communications detector. Light incident on the ferrule's face is redirected to tracking detectors, each arranged to receive the redirected light from a preselected region of the ferrule. The output signals of the tracking detectors are used to adjust the alignment between the incident light and the assembly. Alternatively, tracking fibers or a quadrant cell may be used to directly receive light that would otherwise be incident on the ferrule's face.

Abstract: A compact, lightweight free-space optical communication system is mounted to a window, such as to a surface of the window. Mounting can be accomplished using glue, vacuum devices, or other fastener devices or fixtures. The optical communication system has features that compensate for window dynamics and other window characteristics, including fast steering solutions for pointing and tracking, and terminal size and weight factors.