Abstract: A metasurface that is designed to control electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in ways that perform more than a single function. The metasurface has a substrate layer that has multiple asymmetric nanofeatures, each having a height (H) between ?min/100 and 2?max. Each nanofeature has a particular length (Dy) that extends along a principal in-plane direction ? and a width (Dx) that is orthogonal thereto. Each nanofeature is tailored to scatter with different patterns one polarization state of electromagnetic radiation and one orthogonal polarization state of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A metasurface that is designed to control electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in ways that perform more than a single function. The metasurface has a substrate layer that has multiple asymmetric nanofeatures, each having a height (H) between ?min/100 and 2?max. Each nanofeature has a particular length (Dy) that extends along a principal in-plane direction ? and a width (Dx) that is orthogonal thereto. Each nanofeature is tailored to scatter with different patterns one polarization state of electromagnetic radiation and one orthogonal polarization state of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: This invention provides a source of x-ray flux in which x-rays are produced by e-beams impacting the inner walls of holes or channels formed in a metal anode such that most of the electrons reaching the channel impact an upper portion of said channel. A portion of the electrons from this primary impact will generate x-rays. Most of the electrons scatter but they continue to ricochet down the channel, most of them generating x-rays, until the beam is spent. A single channel source of high power efficiency and high power level x-rays may be made in this way, or the source can be of an array of such channels, to produce parallel collimated flux beams of x-rays.

Abstract: This invention provides a source of x-ray flux in which x-rays are produced by e-beams impacting the inner walls of holes or channels formed in a metal anode such that most of the electrons reaching the channel impact an upper portion of said channel. A portion of the electrons from this primary impact will generate x-rays. Most of the electrons scatter but they continue to ricochet down the channel, most of them generating x-rays, until the beam is spent. A single channel source of high power efficiency and high power level x-rays may be made in this way, or the source can be of an array of such channels, to produce parallel collimated flux beams of x-rays.

Abstract: Methods and systems for displaying frames, including being provided with current-frame values to be displayed on a display, the display comprising one or more response parameters, being provided with one or more next-frame values, the one or more next-frame values to be displayed on the display sequentially after the current frame values, and adjusting the current-frame values according to the one or more next-frame values and the one or more response parameters.

Abstract: A human-machine communication method that includes the steps of receiving a first statement in a natural language from a user, generating first information based on the first statement and storing context information of at least one of the first statement and the first information. The method also includes the steps of optionally generating a question to be presented to the user in the natural language based on the context information, receiving a second statement in the natural language from the user and generating second information based on the second statement and the context information. A corresponding system is also provided.