Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel methods to prepare paper pulp from non-wood fiber sources, and preferably from a variety of different non-homogeneous fiber sources. The methods use a unique combination of caustic and temperature without a digestor to improve performance of the resulting fibers.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an apparatus includes one or more probes, a tip, a pin, and a measurement device. The one or more probes may be configured for insertion through an aperture in a component. The tip may be slidably engaged with the one or more probes and include a first end configured to contact a first surface of the component. The first end of the tip may be conically shaped. The pin may be slidably engaged with the one or more probes and include a first end configured for insertion into the aperture in the component such that the one or more probes are configured to contact a second surface of the component. The pin may be configured to move between a first position and a second position. An axis of the pin may be substantially aligned with an axis of the tip. The measurement device may be coupled to the tip and configured to measure a value indicating a grip length.

Abstract: A method of identifying a ballistic impact on a power transmission asset is disclosed. The method includes the steps of deploying a sensor assembly at the power transmission asset; using the sensor assembly to receive and process data at the power transmission asset; using an algorithm to compare the processed data to known data and determine if a ballistic impact has occurred on the power transmission asset; and triggering an alarm if a ballistic impact has occurred and dispatching personnel to the power transmission asset.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an apparatus includes one or more probes, a tip, a pin, and a measurement device. The one or more probes may be configured for insertion through an aperture in a component. The tip may be slidably engaged with the one or more probes and include a first end configured to contact a first surface of the component. The first end of the tip may be conically shaped. The pin may be slidably engaged with the one or more probes and include a first end configured for insertion into the aperture in the component such that the one or more probes are configured to contact a second surface of the component. The pin may be configured to move between a first position and a second position. An axis of the pin may be substantially aligned with an axis of the tip. The measurement device may be coupled to the tip and configured to measure a value indicating a grip length.

Abstract: A sensor to monitor health of surge arresters such as metal oxide arresters is disclosed. The sensor includes a housing; a sensor assembly contained in the housing, the sensor assembly including an electronics board to receive, transmit, process, and store signals; and a voltage measurement strap extending around a periphery of the housing, the voltage measurement strap being electrically connected to the electronics board and configured to measure voltage using electric field.

Abstract: A bracket facilitates retrofit installation of items in a joist cavity. For example, the bracket permits mounting of a junction box containing a transformer, for use with low-voltage luminaire. The bracket wedges between the joists and provides a mounting for the junction box so that the junction box does not rest on a ceiling panel fixed to the underside of the joist cavity.

Abstract: A sensor to monitor health of surge arresters such as metal oxide arresters is disclosed. The sensor includes a housing; a sensor assembly contained in the housing, the sensor assembly including an electronics board to receive, transmit, process, and store signals; and a voltage measurement strap extending around a periphery of the housing, the voltage measurement strap being electrically connected to the electronics board and configured to measure voltage using electric field.

Abstract: A sensor to monitor health of surge arresters such as metal oxide arresters is disclosed. The sensor including a housing; a sensor assembly contained in the housing, and a voltage measurement strap extending around a periphery of the housing. The voltage measurement strap being electrically connected to the electronics board and configured to measure voltage using electric field. The sensor assembly including: an electronics board to receive, transmit, process, and store signals; a Rogowski coil electrically connected to the electronics board to measure surge currents diverted by the surge arrestor; and a current transformer electrically connected to the electronics board to measure leakage current.

Abstract: A bracket facilitates retrofit installation of items in a joist cavity. For example, the bracket permits mounting of a junction box containing a transformer, for use with low-voltage luminaire. The bracket wedges between the joists and provides a mounting for the junction box so that the junction box does not rest on a ceiling panel fixed to the underside of the joist cavity.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating an electrical insulator includes: a frame having a base and a pair of spaced-apart resilient arms each having a distal end; and a flexible probe disposed between the arms, the flexible probe being generally U-shaped and having a pair of distal ends, each distal end of the probe being connected to a respective distal end of one of the arms.

Abstract: A method of identifying a ballistic impact on a power transmission asset is disclosed. The method includes the steps of deploying a sensor assembly at the power transmission asset; using the sensor assembly to receive and process data at the power transmission asset; using an algorithm to compare the processed data to known data and determine if a ballistic impact has occurred on the power transmission asset; and triggering an alarm if a ballistic impact has occurred and dispatching personnel to the power transmission asset.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus for detecting leakage current in a post-type insulator of an electrical power system includes: a sensor unit having a housing, the sensor unit including: a sensor assembly operable to generate an analog signal proportional to a received leakage current; an electronics module operable to covert the analog signal to a digital value; and a communications system operable to wirelessly transmit the digital value to an external receiver; a collection band adapted to be connected to an exterior surface of the insulator; and a transfer lead interconnecting the sensor assembly and the collection band, the transfer lead operable to transfer leakage current from the insulator from the collection band to the sensor assembly.

Abstract: A sensor to monitor health of surge arresters such as metal oxide arresters is disclosed. The sensor including a housing; a sensor assembly contained in the housing, and a voltage measurement strap extending around a periphery of the housing. The voltage measurement strap being electrically connected to the electronics board and configured to measure voltage using electric field. The sensor assembly including: an electronics board to receive, transmit, process, and store signals; a Rogowski coil electrically connected to the electronics board to measure surge currents diverted by the surge arrestor; and a current transformer electrically connected to the electronics board to measure leakage current.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating an electrical insulator includes: a frame having a base and a pair of spaced-apart resilient arms each having a distal end; and a flexible probe disposed between the arms, the flexible probe being generally U-shaped and having a pair of distal ends, each distal end of the probe being connected to a respective distal end of one of the arms.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for accurately detecting and monitoring leakage currents on porcelain and glass insulator disc strings is disclosed. The sensor apparatus includes a sensor unit configured to attach to a cap of an insulator disc string. The sensor unit includes a sensor disc configured to surround the cap and a housing connected to the sensor disc. The sensor disc includes a conducting lower disc set, a conducting upper disc set, an insulating disc set sandwiched between the upper and lower conducting disc sets, and a conducting mesh connected to a bottom of the lower disc set. The housing including electronics configured to measure and communicate leakage currents on an insulator disc. Leakage currents on a surface of the insulator disc are intercepted by the sensor disc and transferred to the housing for processing and communication by the electronics.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) is disclosed. The apparatus is configured to measure GICs temporarily flowing in high-voltage, 60 Hz power transmission conductors, and includes a securing means for securing the apparatus to the power transmission conductor. The apparatus further includes a flux concentrator having a toroidal ferrite core and winding wound around the core configured to capture a magnetic field from the power transmission conductor; a hall-effect sensor assembly configured to receive the magnetic field from the flux concentrator and produce a voltage signal corresponding to the magnetic field; and an electronics module configured to receive the voltage signal from the hall-effect sensor assembly, conduct measurements, and transmit the measurements to a local access point.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus for detecting leakage current in a suspension-type insulator of an electrical power system is disclosed. The sensor apparatus includes a housing having a leakage current sensor contained therein, a door pivotally connected to the housing and adapted to move between an open position where a grounded end fitting of the insulator is received by the sensor apparatus and a closed position, and a clamping mechanism connected to the housing. The leakage current sensor is adapted to detect a leakage current along the insulator. The clamping mechanism is adapted to clamp the sensor apparatus to the grounded end fitting of the insulator.

Abstract: An overhead conductor sensor for measuring various parameters that affect an overhead conductor is disclosed. The overhead conductor sensor includes an electronics housing having first and second opposing ends, a jaw assembly having a first jaw connected to the first end of the electronics housing and a second jaw pivotally attached to the first jaw to allow the jaw assembly to move between an open position for receiving an overhead conductor therein and a closed position for securing the sensor to the overhead conductor, and a thermocouple assembly electrically connected to electronics housed in the electronics housing and extending through the jaw assembly for engagement with the overhead conductor. The thermocouple assembly is adapted to measure a temperature of the overhead conductor.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus for detecting leakage current in a suspension-type insulator of an electrical power system includes: a housing having a first half of a leakage current sensor contained therein; a door pivotally connected to the housing by a hinge, and having a second half of the leakage current sensor contained therein, the door pivotable about the hinge between an open position in which the first and second halves of the leakage current sensor are separate from each other, and a closed position in which mating surfaces of the first and second halves of the leakage current sensor join together to define a closed perimeter; and a clamping mechanism connected to the housing comprising a first jaw and a second jaw, wherein the jaws are moveable between an open position and a closed position.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) is disclosed. The apparatus is configured to measure GICs temporarily flowing in high-voltage, 60 Hz power transmission conductors, and includes a securing means for securing the apparatus to the power transmission conductor. The apparatus further includes a flux concentrator having a toroidal ferrite core and winding wound around the core configured to capture a magnetic field from the power transmission conductor; a hall-effect sensor assembly configured to receive the magnetic field from the flux concentrator and produce a voltage signal corresponding to the magnetic field; and an electronics module configured to receive the voltage signal from the hall-effect sensor assembly, conduct measurements, and transmit the measurements to a local access point.