Abstract: There can be provided a complete and flexible multi-tier article authentication system. A number of different authentication systems are applied to a given article in order to allow multiple levels of authentication to be performed by different persons throughout the supply chain, and using different levels of equipment to perform the authentication. By using such a flexible approach, authenticity can be verified to one or more different levels, depending upon the interest, capability and equipment of an individual. A corresponding method and apparatus can be provided. A tracking system based upon similar principles can additionally or alternatively be provided.

Abstract: There can be provided a complete and flexible multi-tier article authentication system. A number of implementation options are possible, and in one of which an article can include an applied code thereon, which applied code includes an identifier code for the article and a biometric type signature for the article, the biometric type signature having been generated from analysis of intrinsic surface or internal structure of a part of an article to which the applied code is applied.

Abstract: The present invention includes a tracking device that is associated with a cargo container. The cargo container is used for shipping of goods and materials and is placed into transportation vessels for shipment. The tracking device includes a GPS for receiving positioning information concerning the location of the cargo container and is adapted to transmit the location of the cargo container remotely. Sensor(s) are also operatively associated with the cargo container and tracking device to sense information concerning the surroundings of the cargo container. The tracking device receives this sensor information and deactivates the tracking device when the cargo container is either inside or in proximity to the aircraft.