Abstract: Embodiments support systems and methods for classifying and ranking headnote reports based on a query, and for outputting a highest ranked headnote in response to the query. In an aspect, headnote scores may be calculated for each headnote of a plurality of headnotes to determine a measure of correspondence between a given headnote and the query. In an aspect, a dataset including at least the query, the headnotes, and the headnote scores may be provided to and analyzed by a classifier to produce a set of classifications. In an aspect, the headnote scores and the set of classifications may be determined by at least one machine learning model. In an aspect, the classifications enable the ranking of the headnotes relative to one another, such that the highest ranked headnote may be the headnote most responsive to the query. In an aspect, a method may include outputting the highest ranked headnote.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for refining a feed oil having contaminants therein. In the method, the feed oil is exposed to reducing conditions at elevated temperature and pressure so as to reduce at least some of said contaminants. The resulting oil is then degassed under reduced pressure under non-oxidizing conditions and the resulting oil extracted with water so as to produce a refined oil.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for refining a feed oil having contaminants therein. In the method, the feed oil is exposed to reducing conditions at elevated temperature and pressure so as to reduce at least some of said contaminants. The resulting oil is then degassed under reduced pressure under non-oxidising conditions and the resulting oil extracted with water so as to produce a refined oil.