Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes silicon and a transition metal. At least 50 mole % of the transition metal is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of transition metal elements present in the electrochemically active material. An electrochemically active material includes silicon and carbon. At least 50 mole % of the carbon is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of carbon present in the electrochemically active material.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes silicon and a transition metal. At least 50 mole % of the transition metal is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of transition metal elements present in the electrochemically active material. An electrochemically active material includes silicon and carbon. At least 50 mole % of the carbon is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of carbon present in the electrochemically active material.

Abstract: A simple method for making low surface area alloy particles with high silicon content has been discovered. The method involves two ball milling steps in which silicon containing precursor particles undergo a first milling to render the elemental silicon present to have an average grain size less than 20 nm, followed by a second milling with incorporated binding metal particles (e.g. certain transition metals) that serve to bind the first milled particles together. Done appropriately, the two milling step method results in alloy particles with high silicon content and have relatively low surface area and large particle size. As such, the particles are desirable for use in anode electrodes in rechargeable lithium batteries.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes an active phase that includes silicon, and at least one inactive phase having a Scherrer Grain Size of greater than 5 nanometers. Each inactive phase of the material having a Scherrer Grain Size of greater than 5 nanometers has a lattice mismatch to Li15Si4 of greater than 5%.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes silicon and a transition metal. At least 50 mole % of the transition metal is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of transition metal elements present in the electrochemically active material. An electrochemically active material includes silicon and carbon. At least 50 mole % of the carbon is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of carbon present in the electrochemically active material.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes an alloy represented by general formula (I): SiaTibOcNdMe, (I) where a, b, c, d, and e represent atomic % values, a+b+c+d+e=100, M includes carbon or a transition metal element other than titanium, a>20, a+b+e?c+d, c?0, d>5, e?0, and a/b>0.5. The alloy includes a transition metal silicide, titanium nitride, or titanium oxynitride phase, and the phase has a Schemer grain size that is greater than 2 nm and less than 10 nm.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes silicon and a transition metal. At least 50 mole % of the transition metal is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of transition metal elements present in the electrochemically active material. An electrochemically active material includes silicon and carbon. At least 50 mole % of the carbon is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of carbon present in the electrochemically active material.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes an active phase that includes silicon, and at least one inactive phase having a Scherrer Grain Size of greater than 5 nanometers. Each inactive phase of the material having a Scherrer Grain Size of greater than 5 nanometers has a lattice mismatch to Li15Si4 of greater than 5%.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes an active phase that includes silicon, and at least one inactive phase having a Scherrer Grain Size of greater than 5 nanometers. Each inactive phase of the material having a Scherrer Grain Size of greater than 5 nanometers has a lattice mismatch to Li15Si4 of greater than 5%.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes silicon and a transition metal. At least 50 mole % of the transition metal is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of transition metal elements present in the electrochemically active material. An electrochemically active material includes silicon and carbon. At least 50 mole % of the carbon is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of carbon present in the electrochemically active material.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes an active phase that includes silicon, and at least one inactive phase having a Scherrer Grain Size of greater than 5 nanometers. Each inactive phase of the material having a Scherrer Grain Size of greater than 5 nanometers has a lattice mismatch to Li15Si4 of greater than 5%.

Abstract: An anode composition includes an electrochemically active material comprising silicon; and a cement.

Abstract: A cathode composition for a sodium-ion battery. The cathode composition may have the formula NaCr1-xMxO2, where M is one or more metal elements, and x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5.

Abstract: A graphitic carbon material includes decorated graphitic spherical shells or fragments of decorated graphitic spherical shells, wherein the decorated graphitic spherical shells or fragments of decorated graphitic spherical shells have an average diameter of between 0.1 and 100 ?m.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes a sodium metal oxide of formula (I): NaxMyTizO2 (I) In formula (I), 0.2<x<1, M comprises one or more first row transitions metals, 0.1<y<0.9, 0.1<z<0.9; and x+3y+4z=4.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes an electrochemically active phase that includes elemental lead. The electrochemically active material includes at least 20 atomic % elemental lead based on the total chemical composition of the electrochemically active material. In some embodiments, an electrochemically active material is provided. The electrochemically active material includes an electrochemically active phase that includes elemental lead. The electrochemically active material includes at least 20 atomic % elemental lead based on the total chemical composition of the electrochemically active material.

Abstract: An anode composition includes an electrochemically active material comprising silicon; and a cement.

Abstract: A sodium-ion battery includes a cathode comprising sodium; and an anode composition comprising a material having the formula: AaBbCcDdO, where A is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or a combination thereof, where B is titanium, C is vanadium, D is one or more transition metal element other than titanium or vanadium, a+b+c+d?1, a?0, b+c>0, b?0, c?0, d>0, and where the material comprises a ilmenite structure, triclinic VFeO4 structure, cubic Ca5Co4(VO4)6 structure, dichromate structure, orthorhombic ?-CoV3O8 structure, brannerite structure, thortveitite structure, orthorhombic ?-CrPO4 structure, or the pseudo rutile structure.

Abstract: A cathode composition for a sodium-ion battery. The cathode composition may have the formula NaCr1-xMxO2, where M is one or more metal elements, and x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5.

Abstract: A sodium ion battery. The battery includes a cathode that includes sodium, an electrolyte that include sodium, and an electrochemically active anode material. The electrochemically active anode material includes an electrochemically active phase and an electrochemically inactive phase. The electrochemically active phase and the electrochemically inactive phase share at least one common phase boundary. The electrochemically active phase does not comprise oxygen, sulfur, or a halogen. The electrochemically active phase is essentially free of crystalline grains that are greater than 40 nm.