Abstract: Viscometers and Viscometry methods are disclosed. In one general aspect a capillary bridge viscometer comprises an input port an output port a first capillary tubing arm in a first hydraulic path between the input port and a first differential detection point, a second capillary tubing arm in a second hydraulic path between the first differential detection point and the output port, a third capillary tubing arm in a third hydraulic path between the input port and a second differential detection point, a fourth capillary tubing arm in a fourth hydraulic path between the second differential detection point and the output port, an adjustable mechanical flow restrictor in one of the first, second, third, and fourth hydraulic paths, wherein the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor is operative to mechanically adjust a resistance to flow of a fluid while the fluid flows through the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor.

Abstract: The invention relates to analyzing and controlling collection of liquid eluate output from a separation process, in particular by use of a measure of suspended material in the eluate based on a light scattering detection method. Exemplary embodiments include a method of controlling collection of a sample of a liquid eluate output from a separation process. The method includes exposing the liquid eluate to light from a light source; detecting light from the light source scattered by suspended material in the eluate at a detector; and beginning and ending collection of the sample when a measure of the suspended material derived from the detected scattered light enters and leaves a predetermined range.

Abstract: Viscometers and Viscometry methods are disclosed. In one general aspect a capillary bridge viscometer comprises an input port an output port a first capillary tubing arm in a first hydraulic path between the input port and a first differential detection point, a second capillary tubing arm in a second hydraulic path between the first differential detection point and the output port, a third capillary tubing arm in a third hydraulic path between the input port and a second differential detection point, a fourth capillary tubing arm in a fourth hydraulic path between the second differential detection point and the output port, an adjustable mechanical flow restrictor in one of the first, second, third, and fourth hydraulic paths, wherein the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor is operative to mechanically adjust a resistance to flow of a fluid while the fluid flows through the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor.

Abstract: A capillary bridge viscometer, comprises an input port (flow in) an output port (flow out) a first capillary tubing arm (R1) in a first hydraulic path between the input port and a first differential detection point (DP+), a second capillary tubing arm (R3) in a second hydraulic path between the first differential detection point (DP+) and the output port (flow out), a third capillary tubing arm (R2) in a third hydraulic path between the input port (flow in) and a second differential detection point (DP?), a fourth capillary tubing arm (R4) in a fourth hydraulic path between the second differential detection point (DP?) and the output port (flow out), an adjustable mechanical flow restrictor (20) in one of the first, second, third, and fourth hydraulic paths, wherein the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor (20) is operative to mechanically adjust a resistance to flow of a fluid while the fluid flows through the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor.

Abstract: The invention relates to analysing and controlling collection of liquid eluate output from a separation process, in particular by use of a measure of suspended material in the eluate based on a light scattering detection method. Exemplary embodiments include a method (300) of controlling collection of a sample of a liquid eluate output from a separation process, the method comprising: exposing (306) the liquid eluate to light from a light source; detecting (307) light from the light source scattered by suspended material in the eluate at a detector; and beginning and ending collection (310) of the sample when a measure of the suspended material derived from the detected scattered light enters and leaves a predetermined range.

Abstract: A capillary bridge viscometer, comprises an input port (flow in) an output port (flow out) a first capillary tubing arm (R1) in a first hydraulic path between the input port and a first differential detection point (DP+), a second capillary tubing arm (R3) in a second hydraulic path between the first differential detection point (DP+) and the output port (flow out), a third capillary tubing arm (R2) in a third hydraulic path between the input port (flow in) and a second differential detection point (DP?), a fourth capillary tubing arm (R4) in a fourth hydraulic path between the second differential detection point (DP?) and the output port (flow out), an adjustable mechanical flow restrictor (20) in one of the first, second, third, and fourth hydraulic paths, wherein the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor (20) is operative to mechanically adjust a resistance to flow of a fluid while the fluid flows through the adjustable mechanical flow restrictor.

Abstract: A telescoping propeller shaft includes an elongated hollow cylindrical body having a splined interior surface, the splines defining a minor diameter (x) and a major diameter (y), and a correspondingly splined shaft mating in register with the cylindrical body along an engagement length (L). Major (c) and minor (b) diameters of the splined shaft are less than the respective major (y) and minor (x) diameters of the interior splines of the cylindrical body such that the two shafts can freely telescope at least along the engagement length (L) and a free plunge region (D1). In response to a sufficient inward axial load, the cylindrical body is adapted to telescope over the splined shaft through an interference region (D2) comprising an interference mechanism for energy dissipation.

Abstract: An artificial turf system (15) comprising a pile fabric having a plurality of backing yarns (18-19, 48-51) woven with at least one pile yarn (20-23) to form a backing layer (16) and a plurality of upstanding synthetic ribbons (24-31), representing blades of grass, extending upwardly from an upper surface (17) of the backing layer, an infill layer (38) of particulate material disposed interstitially between the upstanding ribbons and upon the backing layer, and the upstanding ribbons extending above an upper surface (39) of the infill layer and having a length (41) from the upper surface of the backing layer of greater than one inch. The synthetic surface may comprise a pile fabric having a plurality of backing yarns woven with a plurality of pile yarns to form a backing layer and a plurality of upstanding synthetic ribbons, representing blades of grass, extending upwardly from an upper surface of the backing layer, the plurality of ribbons comprising ribbons of a first type and ribbons of a second type.

Abstract: Turf comprising a backing and artificial or natural turf fibers and fiber optic filaments extending from the backing between the turf fibers.

Abstract: Artificial turf (15) comprising a primary backing (16) having a first side (52) and a second side (53) and including a first backing layer (23), a second backing layer (24), a third backing layer (25) and a fourth backing layer (26), a plurality of fibers (19) sewn or tufted through the primary backing, and a secondary backing on the second side of the primary backing. The first layer may facilitate tufting, the second layer may facilitate dimensional stability, the third layer may facilitate tufted bind and the fourth layer may facilitate seam strength. The fibers may form upstanding ribbons (17) on the first side of the primary backing and the turf may further comprise an infill layer (20) disposed between the ribbons. The fibers may form a plurality of back stitches (27) on the second side of the primary backing and the secondary backing may cover the back stitches and lock in the fibers.

Abstract: A model vehicle runs on a running surface which comprises a substrate having an array of contact pins, the tops of the contact pins forming one electrode and the sides of the contact pins forming a second electrode. The model vehicle comprises wheels for running over the running surface, an electrically powered drive means, a first pick-up for engaging the tops of the contact pins, and a second pick-up for engaging the sides of the contact pins.

Abstract: A model vehicle runs on a running surface which comprises a substrate having an array of contact pins, the tops of the contact pins forming one electrode and the sides of the contact pins forming a second electrode. The model vehicle comprises wheels for running over the running surface, an electrically powered drive means, a first pick-up for engaging the tops of the contact pins, and a second pick-up for engaging the sides of the contact pins.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer of piezoelectric plastic material comprises a body and activated transducer film formed integrally. Electrodes are formed on opposite sides of the film, and a backing material supports the film on one side. The transducer may be formed by molding, applying the electrodes and activating the film by means of a corona discharge.