Abstract: Lithium titanate materials are suitable for use in electrochemical applications, and methods for their production. The materials are particularly suitable as electrode (e.g. anode) materials, and as lithium ion conducting membranes. Accordingly, the materials may find particular utility as battery materials, e.g. in lithium ion and/or lithium air batteries. In particular, there is provided a method for the preparation of lithium titanate, wherein a precursor mixture including a solvent, a lithium precursor and a titanium precursor is subjected to flame spray pyrolysis to produce lithium titanate particles. The present inventors have found that it is possible to significantly reduce the formation of the rutile impurity phase by controlling the flame spray pyrolysis process.