Abstract: A cooling apparatus includes a direct-bonded copper (“DBC”) substrate, the DBC substrate having a plurality of micro-structure tabs formed on a fluid impingement side of the DBC substrate, and a jet head in complementary opposition to the fluid impingement side. The jet head has a first plurality of micro-jets facing the fluid impingement side, each of the first plurality of micro-jets having a nozzle, and a second plurality of micro-jets facing the fluid impingement side so the jet head is configured to deliver a fluid to the plurality of micro-structure tabs through the first and second plurality of micro-jets.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus includes a direct-bonded copper (“DBC”) substrate, the DBC substrate having a plurality of micro-structure tabs formed on a fluid impingement side of the DBC substrate, and a jet head in complementary opposition to the fluid impingement side. The jet head has a first plurality of micro-jets facing the fluid impingement side, each of the first plurality of micro-jets having a nozzle, and a second plurality of micro-jets facing the fluid impingement side so the jet head is configured to deliver a fluid to the plurality of micro-structure tabs through the first and second plurality of micro-jets.

Abstract: A photoelectric touch input panel has a plurality of crossed light beams which are broken by an object, the position coordinates of which are identified as outputs. Two spaced apart beam surfaces are provided, and the interrelationship between the beams in the two planes is employed to distinguish between interrupting objects on the basis of their size, attitude, and velocity characteristics. The number of beams broken in any beam plane is counted to determine the relative size of the object, or to determine the center line of the interrupting object. The beams in any beam plane are selected in accordance with the relative significance of the various beams, and interrupted beams are pulsed more rapidly than non-interrupted beams. The light-emitting devices of the various beam planes are constructed as an integral unit.

Abstract: A photoelectric touch input panel has a plurality of crossed light beams which are broken by an object, the position coordinates of which are identified as outputs. Two spaced apart beam surfaces are provided, and the interrelationship between the beams in the two planes is employed to distinguish between interrupting objects on the basis of their size, attitude, and velocity characteristics. The number of beams broken in any beam plane is counted to determine the relative size of the object, or to determine the center line of the interrupting object. The beams in any beam plane are selected in accordance with the relative significance of the various beams, and interrupted beams are pulsed more rapidly than non-interrupted beams. The light-emitting devices of the various beam planes are constructed as an integral unit.

Abstract: A dynamic level shifter for photoelectric touch panels incorporating a plurality of photoelectric transducers periodically senses the ambient light level, immediately before the interval when each transducer can receive a pulse of radiant energy during normal operation of the panel. The output of the phototransducer during the such interval is compared with the output during the previous ambient interval, to develop a signal indicative of the presence or absence of the pulse, irrespective of ambient light fluctuations.

Abstract: Safety back-up and alarm circuit for loads such as electrical heaters and the like comprising a back-up substitute load for the primary load, e.g., an electric heater, switching circuits responsive to outputs from the primary and back-up loads, and which automatically replace the primary load with the back-up load upon failure of the primary load, said switching circuits including a circuit which reliably reads the output from the primary load and distinguishes failure of the primary load from mere non-load -- including impedance in the primary load circuit, a primary alarm element, e.g. a lamp, bell, or buzzer responsive through said switching circuits to a failure of the primary load and an energizing of the back-up load and a secondary alarm element, e.g. a bell or buzzer responsive to a failure of said back-up element.

Abstract: Portable, electronic, indicia display apparatus, for use as a portable scoreboard, clock, and the like for athletic contests, and a portable display for commercial exhibitions, such as trade exhibitions and conventions, comprising (a) a portable remote display member having a panel upon which the desired information in the form of numbers, letters, and other indicia are displayed by a controlled energizing of electrical illumination elements, e.g. light bulbs, and (b) a portable control member, separate and remote from said display member, having a face panel capable of displaying essentially the same or more indicia displayed on the remote member face panel, and containing digital logic circuitry and manual input functions, e.g.