Abstract: In one general embodiment, a structure includes a first diode, comprising: a first layer having a first type of dopant, and a second layer above the first layer, the second layer having a second type of dopant that is opposite to the first type of dopant. A second diode is formed directly on the first diode. The second diode comprises a first layer having a third type of dopant and a second layer above the first layer of the second diode, the second layer of the second diode having a fourth type of dopant that is opposite to the third type of dopant. In another general embodiment, a process includes a repeated sequence of growing a first layer having a first type of electrically active dopant and growing a second layer having a second type of electrically active dopant that is opposite to the first type of dopant.

Abstract: Least Square Deconvolution (LSD) uses quantitative allele peak data, for example, allele peak area, allele peak height and optical density, derived/obtained from a sample containing the DNA of more than one contributor to resolve the best-fit genotype profile of each contributor. The resolution is based on finding the least square fit of the mass ratio coefficients at each locus to come closest to the quantitative allele peak data. Consistent top-ranked mass ratio combinations from each locus can be pooled to form at least one composite DNA profile at a subset of the available loci. The top-ranked DNA profiles can be used to check against the profile of a suspect or be used to search for a matching profile in a DNA database.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for predicting properties of a target object comprise application of a search manager for analyzing parameters of a plurality of databases for a plurality of objects, the databases comprising an electrical, electromagnetic, acoustic spectral database (ESD), a micro-body assemblage database (MAD) and a database of image data whereby the databases store data objects containing identifying features, source information and information on site properties and context including time and frequency varying data. The method comprises application of multivariate statistical analysis and principal component analysis in combination with content-based image retrieval for providing two-dimensional attributes of three dimensional objects, for example, via preferential image segmentation using a tree of shapes and to predict further properties of objects by means of k-means clustering and related methods.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for predicting properties of a target object, in particular, one of an origin and a source, comprise application of a search manager for analyzing parameters of a plurality of databases for a plurality of objects, the databases comprising an electrical, electromagnetic, acoustic spectral database (ESD), a micro-body assemblage database (MAD) and a database of image data whereby the databases store data objects containing identifying features, source information and information on site properties and context including time and frequency varying data. The method comprises application of multivariate statistical analysis and principal component analysis in combination with content-based image retrieval for providing two-dimensional attributes of three dimensional objects, for example, via preferential image segmentation using a tree of shapes and to predict further properties of objects by means of k-means clustering and related methods.

Abstract: Least Square Deconvolution (LSD) uses quantitative allele peak data derived obtained from a sample containing the DNA of more than one contributor to resolve the best-fit genotype profile of each contributor. The resolution is based on finding the least square fit of the mass ratio coefficients at each locus to come closest to the quantitative allele peak data. Consistent top-ranked mass ratio combinations from each locus can be pooled to form at least one composite DNA profile at a subset of the available loci. The top-ranked DNA profiles can be used to check against the profile of a suspect or be used to search for a matching profile in a DNA database.

Abstract: Least Square Deconvolution (LSD) uses quantitative allele peak data derived obtained from a sample containing the DNA of more than one contributor to resolve the best-fit genotype profile of each contributor. The resolution is based on finding the least square fit of the mass ratio coefficients at each locus to come closest to the quantitative allele peak data. Consistent top-ranked mass ratio combinations from each locus can be pooled to form at least one composite DNA profile at a subset of the available loci. The top-ranked DNA profiles can be used to check against the profile of a suspect or be used to search for a matching profile in a DNA database.

Abstract: Least Square Deconvolution (LSD) uses quantitative allele peak area derived from a sample containing the DNA of more than one contributor to resolve the best-fit genotype profile of each contributor. The resolution is based on finding the least square fit of the mass ratio coefficients at each locus to come closest to the quantitative allele peak data. Consistent top-ranked mass ratio combinations from each locus can be pooled to form at least one composite DNA profile at a subset of the available loci. The top-ranked DNA profiles can be used to check against the profile of a suspect or be used to search for a matching profile in a DNA database.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic retarder control apparatus includes two valve spools, one, a retarder control valve, functions as a relay valve to control the on/off operation of a hydrodynamic retarder and the other, a regulator valve, functions to control the regulation of pressure at the hydrodynamic retarder. During abnormal periods of operation of the regulator valve, the retarder control valve will also function as a pressure control valve thereby limiting the maximum pressure at the hydrodynamic retarder.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic retarder control apparatus includes two valve spools, one, a retarder control valve, functions as a relay valve to control the on/off operation of a hydrodynamic retarder and the other, a regulator valve, functions to control the regulation of pressure at the hydrodynamic retarder. During abnormal periods of operation of the regulator valve, the retarder control valve will also function as a pressure control valve thereby limiting the maximum pressure at the hydrodynamic retarder.

Abstract: Least Square Deconvolution (LSD) uses quantitative allele peak data derived obtained from a sample containing the DNA of more than one contributor to resolve the best-fit genotype profile of each contributor. The resolution is based on finding the least square fit of the mass ratio coefficients at each locus to come closest to the quantitative allele peak data. Consistent top-ranked mass ratio combinations from each locus can be pooled to form at least one composite DNA profile at a subset of the available loci. The top-ranked DNA profiles can be used to check against the profile of a suspect or be used to search for a matching profile in a DNA database.

Abstract: Least Square Deconvolution (LSD) uses quantitative allele peak area derived from a sample containing the DNA of more than one contributor to resolve the best-fit genotype profile of each contributor. The resolution is based on finding the least square fit of the mass ratio coefficients at each locus to come closest to the quantitative allele peak data. Consistent top-ranked mass ratio combinations from each locus can be pooled to form at least one composite DNA profile at a subset of the available loci. The top-ranked DNA profiles can be used to check against the profile of a suspect or be used to search for a matching profile in a DNA database.

Abstract: Least Square Deconvolution (LSD) uses quantitative allele peak data derived obtained from a sample containing the DNA of more than one contributor to resolve the best-fit genotype profile of each contributor. The resolution is based on finding the least square fit of the mass ratio coefficients at each locus to come closest to the quantitative allele peak data. Consistent top-ranked mass ratio combinations from each locus can be pooled to form at least one composite DNA profile at a subset of the available loci. The top-ranked DNA profiles can be used to check against the profile of a suspect or be used to search for a matching profile in a DNA database.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic retarder has an outer housing and an inner housing. A planetary carrier shaft member is rotatably supported on taper roller bearings located in the outer housing. The taper roller bearings are positioned between a shoulder on the shaft and a retaining nut or fastener which is threadably secured to the shaft. A Belleville or Belleville spring is positioned between the retaining nut and the inner race of one of the roller bearings. The retaining nut is secured such that the Belleville spring is flattened thereby applying maximum force to the inner race. The force is transmitted through the first roller bearing, the outer housing, the outer race of a second roller bearing, the second rollers and the second inner race. The Belleville spring will accommodate axial movement between the retaining nut and the bearing.

Abstract: A spring clip is attached to a thermostat bottom wall for attaching the thermostat to tubing in heat exchange relationship. The spring clip has an opening that faces transversely of the thermostat longitudinal axis so that installation forces act in a direction that is more parallel to the bottom wall to avoid denting of the bottom wall. The spring clip has a flat mounting base attached to the thermostat bottom wall to spread forces over a large area of the bottom wall and to reinforce the bottom wall against deformation.

Abstract: A spring clip is attached to a thermostat bottom wall for attaching the thermostat to tubing in heat exchange relationship. The spring clip has an opening that faces transversely of the thermostat longitudinal axis so that installation forces act in a direction that is more parallel to the bottom wall to avoid denting of the bottom wall. The spring clip has a flat mounting base attached to the thermostat bottom wall to spread forces over a large area of the bottom wall and to reinforce the bottom wall against deformation.