Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to a new class of heat transfer compositions. The heat transfer compositions include an HR-PIB. Heat transfer compositions described herein may further include an additional base fluid, an optional additive, or a combination thereof. Aspects described herein also generally relate to processes for producing the heat transfer compositions and to uses of the heat transfer compositions in, for example, immersion cooling applications. Aspects of the present disclosure also generally relate to heat management systems that include one or more heat-generating articles and a heat transfer composition that includes HR-PIB.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to a new class of heat transfer compositions. The heat transfer compositions include an HR-PIB. Heat transfer compositions described herein may further include an additional base fluid, an optional additive, or a combination thereof. Aspects described herein also generally relate to processes for producing the heat transfer compositions and to uses of the heat transfer compositions in, for example, immersion cooling applications. Aspects of the present disclosure also generally relate to heat management systems that include one or more heat-generating articles and a heat transfer composition that includes HR-PIB.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes and systems for producing isobutylene. Embodiments of the present disclosure also generally relate to new processes and systems for producing PIB, such as HR-PIB. Integrated processes for producing isobutylene from ethylene and/or crude C4 (CC4) streams, which may then be converted to PIB, are also provided. In an embodiment, a process for producing isobutylene is provided. The process includes dimerizing ethylene to produce a dimerization product effluent comprising a normal butylene. The process further includes skeletal isomerizing at least a portion of the normal butylene present in the dimerization product effluent to form a skeletal isomerization product effluent comprising isobutylene. The process further includes isomerizing at least a portion of 1-butene present in the skeletal isomerization product effluent to form an isomerization product effluent comprising 2-butene.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes and systems for producing isobutylene. Embodiments of the present disclosure also generally relate to new processes and systems for producing PIB, such as HR-PIB. Integrated processes for producing isobutylene from ethylene and/or crude C4 (CC4) streams, which may then be converted to PIB, are also provided. In an embodiment, a process for producing isobutylene is provided. The process includes dimerizing ethylene to produce a dimerization product effluent comprising a normal butylene. The process further includes skeletal isomerizing at least a portion of the normal butylene present in the dimerization product effluent to form a skeletal isomerization product effluent comprising isobutylene. The process further includes isomerizing at least a portion of 1-butene present in the skeletal isomerization product effluent to form an isomerization product effluent comprising 2-butene.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes and processing plants for producing PIB, such as HR-PIB. In an embodiment, a process for producing HR-PIB is provided. The process includes introducing isobutylene into a polymerization reactor, and introducing a polymerization catalyst with the isobutylene to form a mixture comprising the isobutylene and the polymerization catalyst, the polymerization catalyst comprising a Lewis acid catalyst. The process further includes reacting the mixture to form a reaction product mixture comprising an HR-PIB, and introducing a solid substrate with the reaction product mixture, the solid substrate capable of sorbing an amount of polymerization catalyst. The process further includes removing the solid substrate comprising sorbed polymerization catalyst from the reaction product mixture by solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes and processing plants for producing PIB, such as HR-PIB. In an embodiment, a process for producing HR-PIB is provided. The process includes introducing isobutylene into a polymerization reactor, and introducing a polymerization catalyst with the isobutylene to form a mixture comprising the isobutylene and the polymerization catalyst, the polymerization catalyst comprising a Lewis acid catalyst. The process further includes reacting the mixture to form a reaction product mixture comprising an HR-PIB, and introducing a solid substrate with the reaction product mixture, the solid substrate capable of sorbing an amount of polymerization catalyst. The process further includes removing the solid substrate comprising sorbed polymerization catalyst from the reaction product mixture by solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: A filter element is removably positionable within a filter housing defining a filter chamber for said filter element. The filter housing comprises a standpipe extending within the filter chamber. The filter element includes a tubular filter media circumscribing the standpipe, a first end cap supporting the filter media at one end thereof, a second end cap longitudinally spaced from the first end cap and supporting the filter media at the opposite end thereof, and a center tube extending between the first and second end caps. The center tube has at least one inlet opening therethrough at a first end thereof adjacent to the first end cap and a standpipe opening therethrough at a second end thereof adjacent to the second end cap. The second end cap has at least one intake opening therethrough radially spaced from the standpipe opening in the center tube.

Abstract: A filter element comprising an annular filtering media defining first and second axial ends and surrounding an interior area having a central axis, a first end cap sealing attached to said first axial end of said filter media, a second annular end cap sealing attached to said second axial end of said filter media, said second end cap defining a central opening, and a central tube extending from the opening of the second end cap, wherein the central tube includes an actuator exclusive of keys, free ends, or projections.

Abstract: Functionalized silsesquioxanes containing from 6 to 24 silicon atoms and minimally about 67 mol percent RSiO3/2 moieties where R is a phenyl group bearing a chemically reactive functional group are highly suitable for use as nanoparticles in producing highly ordered nanocomposites of many types, containing a high proportion of interphase. The nanocomposites have unusual physicochemical properties due to the use of uniform, highly functionalized nanoparticles.