Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to multiway communications. In some embodiments, a first electronic device initiates a multiway call between a plurality of electronic devices and exchanges a first secret with a first set of electronic devices participating during a first portion of the multiway call, the first secret being used to encrypt traffic between the first set of electronic devices. The first electronic device receives an indication that first set of participating electronic devices has changed and, in response to the indication, exchanges a second secret with a second set of electronic devices participating during a second portion of the multiway call, the second secret being used to encrypt traffic between the second set of participating electronic devices. In some embodiments, the indication identifies a second electronic device as leaving the multiway call, and the second secret is not exchanged with the second electronic device.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes to increase the relative abundance of a molecule that is present in a test sample at relatively low abundance. The process includes fractionating a sample and immunizing hosts with the fractions. The antibodies produced from the fractionated test sample are directed primarily to molecules that are in relatively high abundance in the test sample fractions. These antibodies are then contacted with the test sample or a test sample to immuno-deplete relatively high abundance molecules from the sample to form a first depleted sample. These steps can be repeated a reiterative process of immuno-subtraction to produce second and third depleted samples where the relative abundance of the “low abundance” molecule is increased.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of analysis, and in particular to methods for the preliminary fractionation of samples in which low abundance molecules of interest, for example proteins, polysaccharides or fatty acids, are present together with more abundant molecules of little or no interest. In particular, the invention relates to methods of depletion of high abundance proteins from biological samples. Products and kits for use in the method are also disclosed, and form part of the invention. In one aspect, the invention provides a method of depleting a high-abundance molecule from a biological sample, comprising the steps of a) subjecting the sample to affinity depletion using an affinity support with high affinity for a high abundance molecule, and/or b) immunodepletion using an affinity support coupled to an antibody directed against whole or previously fractionated plasma or serum.

Abstract: The invention relates to separating molecules, in particular, to proteins comprised in biological fluid such as serum, to purifying molecules and to producing antisera to molecules.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of analysis, and in particular to methods for the preliminary fractionation of samples in which low abundance molecules of interest, for example proteins, polysaccharides or fatty acids, are present together with more abundant molecules of little or no interest. In particular, the invention relates to methods of depletion of high abundance proteins from biological samples. Products and kits for use in the method are also disclosed, and form part of the invention. In one aspect, the invention provides a method of depleting a high-abundance molecule from a biological sample, comprising the steps of a) subjecting the sample to affinity depletion using an affinity support with high affinity for a high abundance molecule, and/or b) immunodepletion using an affinity support coupled to an antibody directed against whole or previously fractionated plasma or serum.

Abstract: An electromagnetic valve actuator for providing an actuation force to open and close a valve. In one embodiment of the invention, the valve is an intake and/or exhaust valve associated with an internal combustion engine. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the valve actuator includes first and second electromagnets spaced apart and arranged generally opposite one another to define a tapered air gap therebetween. An actuator arm is operatively coupled to the valve and is pivotally displaceable within the air gap between a first operational position adjacent the first electromagnet and a second operational position adjacent the second electromagnetic. Selective activation of the electromagnets causes the actuator arm to pivot between the first and second operational positions to correspondingly open and close the valve.