Abstract: A variable sensitivity compensation network for a Mach-Zender optical modulator comprising first and second pilot signal sources f.sub.1 and f.sub.2, a signal coupler for combining the pilot signals with an RF information signal for modulating a bias-controlled Mach-Zender optical modulator, a variable sensitivity feedback loop comprising an optical detector for detecting the pilot signals from the modulator output, a bandpass filter for selecting the sum frequency f.sub.1 and f.sub.2, a voltage variable attenuator for adjusting the sensitivity of the loop, a logarithmic compression circuit for compressing the f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 signal level from the variable attenuator, means for measuring the signal level, means for controlling the variable attenuator and means for producing an analog bias signal for controlling the operating point of the Mach-Zender modulator. The measuring and controlling means include a microprocessor.

Abstract: An energy management system for a hybrid internal combustion and electric vehicle provides a highly energy-efficient and yet highly agile hybrid vehicle. The vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, an electric motor/generator and at least one electric storage battery for storing and dispensing energy, all operating in conjunction with an energy storage system including a sensing and control unit and a superconducting magnetic energy storage device. The sensing and control unit is connected to the motor/generator, the battery and the storage device, and has as an input at least one sensor signal representative of a preselected sensed vehicle condition.