Abstract: A method is presented to perform accurate property measurements using spectroscopic measurements at multiple wavelengths using nondispersed radiation with one, or sometimes two, detectors sensing all the requisite wavelengths simultaneously and calculating the value of the property by optical means. The heart of our invention is the utilization of an optical device opaque everywhere but at the finite and limited number of wavelengths where the transmittance measurements are being made, and whose transmittance at the measuring wavelengths is proportional to the coefficient for that wavelength in a predictive equation for the property value. The process which is our invention passes nondispersed light through a sample, with the transmitted light being led onto an optical device passing only the measuring wavelengths onto a detector.

Abstract: On line and essentially continuous measurements of hydrogen peroxide vapor in the presence of water vapor can be made using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy using fiber optic cables to transmit infrared radiation between, e.g, a sterilization chamber and the NIR instrument. Hydrogen peroxide absorbs selectively at about 1420 nm, where water vapor also absorbs, but the absorbance at 1420 nm can be corrected for water vapor measurements at remote wavelengths where H.sub.2 O.sub.2 is transparent. The measurement process may be conveniently made by applying a multivariant statistical technique to the spectrum obtained over one or more bands within the 900-2000 nm region using the correlation obtained for a calibration set for which analogous measurements are made over the same region.

Abstract: On line and essentially continuous measurements of hydrogen peroxide vapor in the presence of water vapor can be made using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy using fiber optic cables to transmit infrared radiation between, e.g, a sterilization chamber and the NIR instrument. Measurement of hydrogen peroxide concentration in the foregoing manner is incorporated into a control system which automatically adds gaseous hydrogen peroxide to the sterilization chamber when the measured concentration falls below a precalculated value. Such a control system ensures the presence in the sterilization chamber of an adequate concentration of gaseous hydrogen peroxide to effect sterilization throughout the sterilization procedure.

Abstract: A process of controlling the blending of components to produce a product composition at a target value for least one characteristic has been developed. The process involves varying the proportion of the components, determining with each variation the change in the value of a characteristic using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, adjusting the proportion of those components to afford a new composition where the value of the characteristic is numerically closer to the target value, and repeating the steps until the target value of the characteristic is achieved. The process further includes determining blending factors to be used in existing blending equations.

Abstract: On line and essentially continuous measurements of hydrogen peroxide vapor in the presence of water vapor can be made using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy using fiber optic cables to transmit infrared radiation between, e.g, a sterilization chamber and the NIR instrument. Hydrogen peroxide absorbs selectively at about 1420 nm, where water vapor also absorbs, but the absorbance at 1420 nm can be corrected for water vapor measurements at remote wavelengths where H.sub.2 O.sub.2 is transparent. The measurement process also may be incorporated into a control system assuring optimum hydrogen peroxide vapor concentrations for the sterilization procedure.

Abstract: The observation was made that virtually all octane number variations arise from 23 components present in a broad variety of gasolines. Consequently it is possible to develop a calibration set consisting of a gasoline base stock as modified by one or more of the 23 components. By measuring the octane number and near infrared spectrum of each member of the calibration set, the octane number of any sample at the site specific for the base stock may be determined from the near infrared spectrum of the sample.

Abstract: Optical fibers having one or more polymeric coatings have been found to be sensitive to extraneous light arising either as incident light from outside the optical fiber or as light escaping the fiber at bends and being reflected back into the fiber by a coating acting as a secondary cladding. In either case the extraneous light intensity may be reduced by placing at least one light absorbing component in a coating. Where the light absorbing component is placed in a coating between the primary cladding of the optical fiber and the secondary cladding both sources of extraneous light may be reduced or eliminated. Particulate amorphous carbon is an effective light absorber because of the broad range of optical wavelengths absorbed and because of its efficiency of absorption (high extinction coefficient) over this range.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to systems for determination of sulfide species and hydrogen sulfide hazard potential of well drilling mud.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to systems for determination of sulfide species and hydrogen sulfide hazard potential of well drilling mud.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to systems for determination of sulfide species and hydrogen sulfide hazard potential of well drilling mud.

Abstract: A combined specific ion and reference electrode structure having an air gap, gas permeable membrane and in which the active, conducting solution has a surface tension and boiling point which are great enough that with equal ambient pressures on both sides of the membrane the active solution will neither leak nor evaporate rapidly through the membrane at the temperature range over which the electrode structure is operated, namely -40.degree. C to 60.degree. C. In the preferred embodiment, the active solution solvent as well as the reference solution solvent are selected from among the class consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethyleneglycol, hexylene glycol, propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl formamide.