Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for testing a network service. In one embodiment, a system and a method pertain to sending an initial request to the network service, redirecting a related request sent by the network service to an actual network service such that the related request does not reach the actual network service, emulating operation of the actual network service, and returning at least one response to the network service being tested, the at least one response being responsive to the related request.

Abstract: A method and corresponding apparatus use a translation system and vocabulary models to translate between different role-based vocabularies for different users. The vocabulary models may be associated with different roles, each role having one or more vocabularies. The vocabulary models may be fixed and hard-coded so that the roles and the role-based vocabularies are predefined and cannot be altered. The vocabulary models may also be flexible, allowing new roles and/or role-based vocabularies to be added.