Abstract: A nano-positioning system for fine and coarse nano-positioning including at least one actuator, wherein the at least one actuator includes a high Curie temperature material and wherein the nano-positioning system is configured to apply a voltage to the at least one actuator to generate fine and/or coarse motion by the at least one actuator. The nano-positioning system being a stand-alone system, a scanning probe microscope, or an attachment to an existing microscope configured to perform a method of creepless nano-positioning that includes positioning a probe relative to a first area of a substrate using coarse stepping and interacting with the first area of the substrate using fine motion after less than 60 seconds of the positioning the probe. The movement of the scanning probe microscope is actuated by a high Curie temperature piezoelectric material that limits and/or eliminates creep, hysteresis and aging.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are electrolyte formulations containing methoxybenzene (also known as anisole or phenoxymethane) for use in lithium-air semi-fuel cells. Lithium-air semi-fuel cells contain a metallic lithium anode and an air (oxygen) fuel cell type porous carbon cathode. The reaction product in the cathode is lithium oxide (Li2O) and/or lithium peroxide (Li2O2). This reaction product is sparingly soluble in common lithium-air cell solvents, and therefore the cathode pores become blocked over time, leading to cell end-of-life. Methoxybenzene is an organic solvent that demonstrates an increased solubility of Li2O, which minimizes the clogging of the cathode. Lithium-air semi-fuel cells with electrolytes containing methoxybenzene demonstrate higher discharge capacities per the same weight, than the cells having electrolytes without methoxybenzene. Higher energy density semi-fuel cells are thus achieved.

Abstract: Advanced lithium-air cell with non-aqueous electrolyte solution is provided, having higher energy density over the prior art cells, due to protective oxygen selective permeable membrane placed over the cathode outer surface. Said membrane protects the cell from moisture and evaporation of said electrolyte, which substantially minimizes parasitic losses of lithium and increases the cell efficiency and safety.

Abstract: Advanced lithium-air semi-fuel cell with non-aqueous electrolyte solution is provided, having higher energy density over the prior art cells, due to its protective, oxygen selective, permeable membrane of PTFE coated fiberglass cloth, placed over the cathode outer surface. Said membrane is flexible and protects the cell from moisture and evaporation of said electrolyte, which substantially minimizes parasitic losses of lithium and increases the cell efficiency and safety. The membrane may also have a layer of air-permeable adhesive added, facing said cathode.

Abstract: Lithium metal anode protection, and various semi-fuel cell constructions for use in deep, high pressure seawater or air media are provided. The described lithium semi-fuel cells achieve record high energy densities, due to the high energy density of lithium anode and the use of the cathode reactant from the surrounding media, which is not part of the cell weight, and the use of ultralight and flexible packaging materials. These features make the described semi-fuel cells the ideal choice for powering underwater and air vehicles.

Abstract: Lithium metal anode protection, and various semi-fuel cell constructions for use in deep, high pressure seawater or air media are provided. The described lithium semi-fuel cells achieve record high energy densities, due to the high energy density of lithium anode and the use of the cathode reactant from the surrounding media, which is not part of the cell weight, and the use of ultralight and flexible packaging materials. These features make the described semi-fuel cells the ideal choice for powering underwater and air vehicles.

Abstract: A metal-air semi-fuel cell is provided, preferably based on lithium anode and a fuel cell type air/oxygen electrode immersed in an aqueous neutral, alkali or acid solution. The lithium anode is comprised of the active metal and one or more separators protecting the anode from reacting with an aqueous solution. The outermost layer on the lithium electrode is a solid-state lithium-ion conducting glass-ceramic which is impervious to and stable towards aqueous solutions. The cathode is comprised of an air or oxygen fuel cell type electrode in contact with the aqueous solution. The lithium anode of this invention also can be replaced by other electroactive metals which react with water and acids, bases and neutral solutions, such as metals from Groups 1 and 2 of the Periodic Table of Elements in addition to Zn, Mg, and Al.

Abstract: A display package has a base and transparent cover. The base has a flat surface with a retainer. The retainer receives and retains the base of a figurine. The display package allows for the attractive and secure way to display figurines at the point of purchase or by the ultimate purchaser.

Abstract: A cathode is made for a rechargeable Li/Li.sub.x CoO.sub.2 cell using an aqueous cathode preparation. The Li/LiAsF.sub.6 -MA/Li.sub.x CoO.sub.2 system can deliver between 230-170 Wh/kg at current densities of 2-10mA/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is provided including lithium as the anode, non-stoichiometric V.sub.6 O.sub.13 as the cathode, and a solution of a lithium salt in a mixed organic solvent of a non-aqueous aprotic solvent and a dialkyl carbonate as the electrolyte.

Abstract: 1 to 2 mol dm.sup.-3 LiAsF.sub.6 in dimethylcarbonate or 1 to 2 mol dm.su3 LiAsF.sub.6 in dimethylcarbonate mixtures with methyl formate in which the mass percent of the dimethylcarbonate compound can vary from 25 mass percent to 100 mass percent is used as the electrolyte in a lithium rechargeable electrochemical cell.The cell also includes lithium as the anode and a lithium intercalating compound as the cathode.

Abstract: A cathode is provided for use in a lithium electrochemical cell wherein the athode includes a mix of a mixed metal-oxide prepared from V.sub.2 O.sub.5 and MoO.sub.3, conductive diluent, and aqueous based binder and wherein the mix is rolled onto a nickel screen and sintered under vacuum at about 280.degree. C.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium cell is provided comprising a lithium anode, a litm intercalating cathode, and an electrolyte comprising a solution of a lithium salt such as LiAsF.sub.6 or LiAlCl.sub.4 in 24.4 mass percent 4-butyrolactone (4-BL) in dimethoxyethane (DME). The cell exhibits improved low temperature (-40.degree. C..ltoreq.t.ltoreq.0.degree. C.) performance and rate capability.

Abstract: A cathode suitable for use in a lithium electrochemical cell is made from a ixture of active cathode material, carbon, and non fluorinated linear chain polymer by a method including the steps of(A) dissolving the non fluorinated linear chain polymer in a non polar solvent at a temperature near the melting point of the polymer,(B) adding the active cathode material and carbon and evaporating the solvent, and(C) grinding the dried mixture into a fine powder and making it into a cathode by pressing the powdered mixture onto both sides of an expanded metal screen and then cutting to the desired dimensions.The cathode can be combined with lithium as the anode and a solution of 0.8 mol dm.sup.-3 LiAlCl.sub.4 in a mixed organic solvent of 24 mass percent 4-butyrolactone in 1, 2 dimethoxyethane as the electrolyte to provide a mechanically stable, relatively inexpensive lithium electrochemical cell having good cell performance.

Abstract: A cathode suitable for use in a lithium electrochemical cell is made from a ixture of active cathode material, carbon, and non fluorinated linear chain polymer by a method including the steps of(A) dissolving the non fluorinated linear chain polymer in a non polar solvent at a temperature near the melting point of the polymer,(B) adding the active cathode material and carbon and evaporating the solvent, and(C) grinding the dried mixture into a fine powder and making it into a cathode by pressing the powdered mixture onto both sides of an expanded metal screen and then cutting to the desired dimensions.The cathode can be combined with lithium as the anode and a solution of 0.8 mol dm.sup.-3 LiAlCl.sub.4 in a mixed organic solvent of 24 mass percent 4-butyrolactone in 1,2 dimethoxyethane as the electrolyte to provide a mechanically stable, relatively inexpensive lithium electrochemical cell having good cell performance.