Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products are provided for establishing and enforcing approval thresholds. One or more processors may receive approval threshold data from a plurality of grids including attributes that define an approval threshold and generate a rule set based on the approval threshold data. An information grid is created comprising a plurality of cells and each cell contains a value representing data from the plurality of grids. A computer model is created to represent the rule set comprising a flat grid structure of fields storing the values and a tree node structure. A computer interface is associated with the model. A request for a change to update an element of the computer interface is received and the processor determines whether the requested change is within the approval threshold by evaluating the rule set. When the requested change is allowed by the rule set, the element is updated.

Abstract: A method of towing a craft having a fore rudder and rear rudder using a towing vehicle with the fore rudder and rear rudder initially oriented parallel to the length of the craft such that the craft follows directly behind the towing vehicle. The fore rudder is rotated to a position less than 90 degrees off parallel to the length of the craft. The rear rudder is rotated in an opposite direction to the fore rudder and to a position less than 90 degrees off parallel to the length of the craft, causing the craft to move off to the side of the track of the towing vehicle while the craft maintains movement substantially parallel to the towing vehicle, producing an of offset tow.