Abstract: Methods and systems are described for a hybrid vehicle with a passive prechamber combustion engine. The system includes a passive prechamber combustion engine, an electric motor, and a controller communicatively coupled to the combustion engine and the electric motor. The combustion engine is configured to operate at engine loads satisfying a load threshold. The controller is configured to determine whether an engine load falls below the load threshold. The controller is configured to select the electric motor to propel the vehicle. The controller is configured to determine whether the engine load satisfies the load threshold. The controller is configured to select the combustion engine to propel the vehicle for providing efficient fuel consumption associated with prechamber ignition in response to determining that the engine load satisfies the load threshold.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for combustion engine mode optimization. The system includes a combustion engine, a fuel delivery system, and a controller communicatively coupled to the combustion engine and the fuel delivery system. The controller selects a low temperature combustion mode based on the combustion engine being warmer than a predetermined temperature and low load conditions on the combustion engine. The low temperature combustion mode includes instructions that reduces an intake valve opening duration and an exhaust valve opening duration. The controller reduces the intake valve opening duration and the exhaust valve opening duration to create a delay between an intake valve opening duration and an exhaust valve opening duration in response to selecting the low temperature combustion mode. The delay increases a residual gas temperature in the combustion chamber and induces auto-ignition of fuel in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An ignition promoter assembly includes: an ignition device to ignite a mixture of fuel and air; and a passive pre-chamber body that defines: a cylindrical fitting space into which the ignition device is inserted, and a secondary combustion space along with an end of the inserted ignition device. In particular, the passive pre-chamber body fluidly communicates with a main combustion chamber disposed outside an exterior surface of the passive pre-chamber body through a flow channel, and the passive pre-chamber body includes: a cylindrical main body portion defining the cylindrical fitting space; and an end portion continuously extended from the cylindrical main body portion and at least partially exposed to the main combustion chamber. In particular, the flow channel is formed in the end portion of the passive pre-chamber body, and a volume of the cylindrical fitting space is greater than a volume of the secondary combustion space.

Abstract: An ignition system for an engine of a vehicle, comprising: a spark plug which includes: a central electrode electrically connected to an ignition coil, and a ground electrode, where the spark plug ignites a mixture of fuel and air in a normal mode of the engine; a high speed pulser to ignite the mixture of fuel and air in a lean-burn mode of the engine; a pulser controller to control the high speed pulser to ignite the mixture of fuel and air in the lean-burn mode of the engine; an engine control unit (ECU) that determines the normal and lean-burn modes based on an engine speed and an engine load, and controls the pulser controller and an ignition of the spark plug based on a determined mode among the normal mode and the lean-burn mode.

Abstract: An end block is disclosed. The end block may include a body extending between a front side, a back side, a left side, a right side, a top side and a bottom side. Furthermore, the body may include a first bore extending through the body between an inlet port and an outlet port and a cylinder bore extending between a cylinder port and the first bore. Moreover, the body may include a precipitation hardened martensitic stainless steel comprising between 0.08% and 0.18% by weight carbon, between 10.50% and 14.00% by weight chromium, between 0.65% and 1.15% by weight nickel, between 0.85% and 1.30% by weight copper, iron, and a first precipitate comprising the copper.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation valve device for a vehicle includes: a mixer tube extending between an inlet end and an outlet end, a first plate at the inlet end, and a second plate at the outlet end. The mixer tube having a plurality of divider walls extending radially between the longitudinal axis and the outer wall longitudinally from the inlet to the outlet. The divider walls defining a plurality of mixing chambers therebetween for receiving and storing exhaust gas from a dedicated engine cylinder. The first plate rotatably disposed at the inlet end of the tube, and the second plate rotatably disposed at the second end of the mixer tube to selectively block off at least one chamber at the inlet and outlet ends, respectively. The mixer configured to capture and distribute recirculated exhaust gas corresponding to an operating speed of the engine.

Abstract: An integrated alternator for a vehicle having an engine is provided. The integrated alternator may include: a stator including stator windings; a rotor disposed inside of the stator and including field windings contained within an inner core and an outer core; a slip ring to supply a field current to the field winding; brushes to be in sliding contact with the slip ring; and a housing covering the stator, the slip ring, and the brushes and mounted on one side of an engine. In particular, the rotor further includes a damper layer positioned between the inner and outer cores to absorb vibration generated by the engine, and the rotor is directly fixed on an crankshaft of the engine to rotate with the crankshaft.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation valve device for a vehicle includes: a mixer tube extending between an inlet end and an outlet end, a first plate at the inlet end, and a second plate at the outlet end. The mixer tube having a plurality of divider walls extending radially between the longitudinal axis and the outer wall longitudinally from the inlet to the outlet. The divider walls defining a plurality of mixing chambers therebetween for receiving and storing exhaust gas from a dedicated engine cylinder. The first plate rotatably disposed at the inlet end of the tube, and the second plate rotatably disposed at the second end of the mixer tube to selectively block off at least one chamber at the inlet and outlet ends, respectively. The mixer configured to capture and distribute recirculated exhaust gas corresponding to an operating speed of the engine.

Abstract: An end block is disclosed. The end block may include a body extending between a front side, a back side, a left side, a right side, a top side and a bottom side. Furthermore, the body may include a first bore extending through the body between an inlet port and an outlet port and a cylinder bore extending between a cylinder port and the first bore. Moreover, the body may include a precipitation hardened martensitic stainless steel comprising between 0.08% and 0.18% by weight carbon, between 10.50% and 14.00% by weight chromium, between 0.65% and 1.15% by weight nickel, between 0.85% and 1.30% by weight copper, iron, and a first precipitate comprising the copper.