Abstract: Disclosed herein are substituted compounds, salts, and pharmaceutical formulations thereof, for the treatment of a central nervous system disease or disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treatment of movement disorders, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of befiradol, wherein the administering step provides an average patient's maximum plasma concentration of befiradol below 15 ng/mL which occurs more than 4 hours post administration, said method minimizing side effects of dizziness and nausea. Sustained release pharmaceutical compositions that can be used according to this method are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treatment of movement disorders, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of befiradol, wherein the administering step provides an average patient's maximum plasma concentration of befiradol below 15 ng/mL which occurs more than 4 hours post administration, said method minimizing side effects of dizziness and nausea. Sustained release pharmaceutical compositions that can be used according to this method are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treatment of movement disorders, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of befiradol, wherein the administering step provides an average patient's maximum plasma concentration of befiradol below 15 ng/mL which occurs more than 4 hours post administration, said method minimizing side effects of dizziness and nausea. Sustained release pharmaceutical compositions that can be used according to this method are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treatment of movement disorders, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of befiradol, where in the administering step provides an average patient's maximum plasma concentration of befiradol below 15 ng/mL which occurs more than 4 hours post administration, said method minimizing side effects of dizziness and nausea. Sustained release pharmaceutical compositions that can be used according to this method are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treatment of movement disorders, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of befiradol, where in the administering step provides an average patient's maximum plasma concentration of befiradol below 15 ng/mL which occurs more than 4 hours post administration, said method minimizing side effects of dizziness and nausea. Sustained release pharmaceutical compositions that can be used according to this method are also described.

Abstract: A sensor for sensing a target substance in a target substance is provided, the sensor comprising: a sensing element disposed to be exposed to the gas stream, the sensing element comprising: a working electrode; a counter electrode; and a layer of ion exchange material extending between the working electrode and the counter-electrode; whereby contact of the ion exchange layer with the gas stream firms an electrical contact between the working and counter electrodes.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing two or more active agents that when taken together can be used to treat, e.g., menopause, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or cognitive disorders. The first component of the pharmaceutical composition is a sedative eszopiclone. The second component of the pharmaceutical composition is trans 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-napthalenamine or trans 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-napthalenamine. The present invention also relates to a method of treating menopause, perimenopause, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and cognitive disorders.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing two or more active agents that when taken together can be used to treat, e.g., menopause, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or cognitive disorders. The first component of the pharmaceutical composition is a sedative eszopiclone. The second component of the pharmaceutical composition is trans 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-napthalenamine or trans 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-napthalenamine. The present invention also relates to a method of treating menopause, perimenopause, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and cognitive disorders.

Abstract: A method of determining the general or a specific condition of a subject is disclosed, the method comprising measuring the concentration of each of a plurality of components in a single sample of the gas stream exhaled by the subject; and generating information regarding the concentration of each of the plurality of components such that the concentrations of the components are directly comparable. The method is particularly suitable for assessing the condition of the respiratory system of a subject. The method preferably employs electrochemical sensors to measure the concentration of the target components in the exhaled gas stream.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for monitoring the respiration pattern of a subject is disclosed, the sensor comprising a sensor element for exposing to a gas stream exhaled by the subject comprising a first electrode, a second electrode and an active layer extending between the first and second electrodes to provide an electrical path therebetween, the sensor element being responsive to the concentration of water vapour in the gas stream exhaled by the subject, whereby the conductivity of the path between the electrodes varies in response to changes in the concentration of water vapour; a processor for determining the pattern of respiration of the subject; and means for displaying information relating to the determined respiration pattern to a user. The sensor assembly is particular suitable for measuring the respiration rate and/or depth of respiration of the subject. The sensor and method find particular application in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor (40) is provided, the sensor comprising a working electrode (44); a counter electrode (46); and an ionic liquid medium extending between the working electrode and the counter electrode, the ionic liquid medium comprising an ionic liquid retained in a support material. The ionic liquid may comprise a cation selected from 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ([CnMIM]), N-alkylpyridinium, tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium cations and an anion selected from hexafluorophosphate [PF6]; tetrafluoroborate [BF4]; trifluoromethylsulfonate [CF3SO3]; bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide [(CF3SO2)2N]; trifluoroethanoate [CF3CO2]; acetate [CH3CO2]; nitrate, and halides, including fluoride [F] 1 chloride [Cl], and bromide [Br]. The sensor is particularly useful in the detection of gaseous components in the exhaled breath of a subject and for use in monitoring the lung function of the subject, for example to identify the onset of asthma and/or COPD.

Abstract: A sensor for sensing a target substance in a gas stream is provided, the sensor comprising: a sensing element disposed to be exposed to the gas stream, the sensing element comprising: a working electrode; a counter electrode; and a layer of ion exchange material extending between the working electrode and the counter electrode; whereby contact of the ion exchange layer with the gas stream forms an electrical contact between the working and counter electrodes.

Abstract: A method for the determination of the carbon dioxide content of an exhaled gas stream is provided, the method comprising measuring the water vapour content of the exhaled gas stream, and determining the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhaled gas stream from the measured water vapour content. A particular method comprises causing the gas stream to impinge on a sensing element comprising a working electrode and a counter electrode; applying an electric potential across the working electrode and counter electrode; measuring the current flowing between the working electrode and counter electrode as a result of the applied potential; and determining from the measured current flow an indication of the concentration of the water vapour in the gas stream. A sensor is also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring the respiration of a subject, the apparatus comprises means for detecting the concentration of each of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitric oxide in an inspired and/or exhaled gaseous stream of a subject; and a display for displaying the concentration of each of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitric oxide. A method for monitoring the respiration of a subject comprises analysing the composition of the inspired and/or exhaled gas of the subject and determining the concentration of carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitric oxide in the gas; and displaying the results of the analysis on a display to provide an indication of the respiratory state of the subject. A method of determining the extent of resuscitation of a patient comprises measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitric oxide in the inspired gas stream and/or exhaled gas stream of the subject.

Abstract: This invention provides novel inhibitors of the enzyme D-amino acid oxidase as well as pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds of the invention. Also provided are methods for the treatment and prevention of neurological disorders, such as neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as pain, ataxia and convulsion. The compounds of the invention have the general structure: wherein Q is a member selected from O, S, CR1 and N, X and Y are members independently selected from CR2, O, S, N and NR3.

Abstract: This invention provides novel inhibitors of the enzyme D-amino acid oxidase as well as pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds of the invention. The invention also provides methods for the treatment and prevention of neurological disorders, such as neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as pain, ataxia and convulsion. The compounds of the invention have the general structure: wherein A is NH or S. Q is a member selected from CR1 and N. X and Y are members independently selected from O, S, CR2, N and NH. R1, R2 and R4 are members independently selected from H and F, provided that at least one member selected from R1, R2 and R4 is F. R6 is a member selected from O?X+ and OH, wherein X+ is a positive ion, which is a member selected from inorganic positive ions and organic positive ions.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel cyclohexylamine derivatives and their use in the treatment and/or prevention of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and sleep disorder as well as methods for their synthesis. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the invention, as well as methods of inhibiting reuptake of endogenous monoamines, such as dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft and methods of modulating one or more monoamine transporter.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel tetralone based amines and their use in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Parkinson's disease. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and compositions of the invention as well as methods of inhibiting reuptake of one or more monoamine, such as such as dopamine and norepinephrine, from the synaptic cleft, and methods of modulating one or more monoamine transporter.

Abstract: An add value terminal provides an automatic fare collection environment with a compact, easy to use, and easy to install device that re-values and issues transit fare smart cards exclusively utilizing credit and debit functions. The add value terminal alleviates long lines often associated with automatic vending machines that allow bill and coin transactions. The add value terminal also can be configured to sell tickets in out-of-station environments including malls, grocery stores, post offices, and airports.