Abstract: Cooking methods and devices for controlling doneness gradients and/or processes using modulated cooking techniques. A precision cooking appliance is provided that allows for cooking food to a precise internal temperature as well as keeping the food both before and after cooking at desired holding temperatures. One or more temperatures sensors are placed adjacent, near, and/or in the food to be cooked so that the temperature of at least one cooking surface can be controlled to reach the precise internal temperature. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also desribed.