Abstract: Methods for determining user intent at a website and responding to it include using one or more processors to fetch a referral URL, associated with a prior website, from one or more web server logs associated with a web server. The referral URL is provided to the web server in conjunction with a user navigating from the prior website to a current website using a browser. The processor(s) determine whether the prior website is fraudulent based at least in part on determining whether the referral URL matches a URL in one or more data stores and/or receiving an indication from a machine learning (ML) engine indicating whether the prior website is fraudulent. If prior website is not fraudulent, the processor(s) process one or more user requests at the current website. If the prior website is fraudulent the processor(s) block the user request(s). Related systems are configured to implement the methods.

Abstract: A method and computer architecture for securely sharing information with an arbitrary set of users in end-to-end fashion. A secure data sharing system includes clients and servers. Client programs running on specific client computers encrypt plaintext data and cryptographically bind the decryption of the encryption key to policy information that contains rules about a permitted decryption operation access. Other clients decrypt the encrypted data shared by the original client by proving to the server their identity and in return receiving cryptographic material.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and indicating the location of an end portion of a probe inserted into an external body. As the probe moves it rotates a measuring wheel to indicate linear translation, and optionally also moves another measuring wheel to indicate angular rotation of the probe. The data representative of probe linear insertion and angular orientation is recorded synchronously on a record for display with data obtained from a transponder positioned near the end portion of the probe.