Abstract: A data management system for managing the storage of data on primary and secondary storage from a primary information source having original file content to be stored including: a data file stub stored on primary storage; a data file stored on secondary storage; and wherein: the data file stub comprises original file meta data and additional stub meta data relevant to the data file; the data file comprises the original file content and additional file meta data relevant to the data file stub; the additional stub meta data includes location and information relevant to locate and recover the data file; the additional file meta data includes information relevant to the location and content of the stub; the additional stub meta data and additional file meta data being so formed and arranged that the data to be stored may be accessed without stateful middleware.

Abstract: Bonnet apparatus for use with fluid regulators are described. An example bonnet includes a body having a cavity to receive a loading assembly of the fluid regulator. A support structure is disposed in the cavity and extends across the cavity to increase an impact toughness or strength of the body.

Abstract: Valve apparatus to prevent contamination of a fluid in a fluid regulator are described. An example valve apparatus described herein includes a housing disposed within a fluid flow passageway of the fluid regulator to define a low-pressure side of the fluid flow passageway and a high-pressure side of the fluid flow passageway. The housing has a bore that at least partially defines the fluid flow passageway when coupled to the fluid regulator. The housing has a movable valve assembly disposed within the bore via a non-threaded connection in fluid communication with the low-pressure side of the fluid flow passageway and external threads to threadably couple the housing to an opening of the fluid regulator. A seal system prevents impurities from flowing between the high-pressure side of the fluid flow passageway and the low-pressure side of the fluid flow passageway.

Abstract: A data management system for managing the storage of data on primary and secondary storage from a primary information source having original file content to be stored including: a data file stub stored on primary storage; a data file stored on secondary storage; and wherein: the data file stub comprises original file meta data and additional stub meta data relevant to the data file; the data file comprises the original file content and additional file meta data relevant to the data file stub; the additional stub meta data includes location and information relevant to locate and recover the data file; the additional file meta data includes information relevant to the location and content of the stub; the additional stub meta data and additional file meta data being so formed and arranged that the data to be stored may be accessed without stateful middleware.

Abstract: A terminal of an advertisement distribution system acquires, from a controller, subscription metadata respectively defined for each of first to fourth service servers regarding whether or not to distribute advertising content to be subscribed, and specifies, from among the first to fourth service servers, one or more servers that distribute the advertising content to be subscribed as a subscribed service distribution device. The terminal recognizes a difference between the advertising content adapted for distribution by the subscribed service distribution device and the already acquired advertising content, and transmits distribution request information to the subscribed service distribution device to acquire necessary advertising content.