Abstract: Metal working fluid decontamination apparatus (10) includes: an intake arrangement (40) for metal working fluid (42); a pump (16) for providing, in use, flow pressure to the metal working fluid (42); a decontaminator (50) for reducing contamination in the metal working fluid (42); and an outlet arrangement (34) for the metal working fluid. The metal working fluid (42) is a fully synthetic metal working fluid, which comprises water and a water soluble synthetic concentrate which does not comprise oil.

Abstract: Systems and methods for accurately determining the state of health (including state of charge and relative age) of a Lithium Sulfur battery, module or cell. The invention uses an operational model of a Lithium Sulfur cell or battery to predict model parameters under a range of conditions related to state of charge and state of health. Operational models include the memory effect due to the unique chemistry of a Lithium Sulfur cell that precludes the user of other methodologies for State of health determination for Lithium Sulfur batteries. Model parameters are identified in real life applications and parameters are compared to those of the operational Lithium Sulfur model employing Kalman filtering. The output includes an estimate of state of health and other key performance indicators. Key performance indicators are compared with measured values of for example resistance to provide feedback to the estimate process in order to improve accuracy.

Abstract: Systems and methods for accurately determining the state of health (including state of charge and relative age) of a Lithium Sulfur battery, module or cell. The invention uses an operational model of a Lithium Sulfur cell or battery to predict model parameters under a range of conditions related to state of charge and state of health. Operational models include the memory effect due to the unique chemistry of a Lithium Sulfur cell that precludes the user of other methodologies for State of health determination for Lithium Sulfur batteries. Model parameters are identified in real life applications and parameters are compared to those of the operational Lithium Sulfur model employing Kalman filtering. The output includes an estimate of state of health and other key performance indicators. Key performance indicators are compared with measured values of for example resistance to provide feedback to the estimate process in order to improve accuracy.

Abstract: Systems and methods for accurately determining the state of health (including state of charge and relative age) of a Lithium Sulfur battery, module or cell. The invention uses an operational model of a Lithium Sulfur cell or battery to predict model parameters under a range of conditions related to state of charge and state of health. Operational models include the memory effect due to the unique chemistry of a Lithium Sulfur cell that precludes the user of other methodologies for State of health determination for Lithium Sulfur batteries. Model parameters are identified in real life applications and parameters are compared to those of the operational Lithium Sulfur model employing Kalman filtering. The output includes an estimate of state of health and other key performance indicators. Key performance indicators are compared with measured values of for example resistance to provide feedback to the estimate process in order to improve accuracy.

Abstract: A security tag comprising at least one overt data carrier (10), and at least one covert data carrier (25), the covert data carrier comprising a ring (25) that is formed around the overt data carrier (10). The covert data carrier (25) is invisible to the unaided eye when lit with visible light, but visible when illuminated with other light, for example UV light.

Abstract: A method for authenticating a data carrier that is associated with at least two security features that can be independently used to authenticate the data carrier, the method comprising using a first one of the security features to authenticate the data carrier and switching to using a second security feature in place of the first security feature in response to a switch security feature command.

Abstract: A security tag comprising at least one overt data carrier (10), and at least one covert data carrier (25), the covert data carrier comprising a ring (25) that is formed around the overt data carrier (10). The covert data carrier (25) is invisible to the unaided eye when lit with visible light, but visible when illuminated with other light, for example UV light.

Abstract: A brand protection feature/taggant reader and/or writer instrument comprising a secure processing environment and a non-secure processing environment, the instrument being operable to execute a process that is split between the secure and non-secure environments in accordance with pre-defined criteria.

Abstract: A method for embedding secondary information in a bar code that includes primary information, the method comprising varying the periphery of selected ones of the bars or pixels of the code and/or varying the periphery of at least some of the bars or pixels by different amounts and/or varying the peripheral shape of at least some of the bars or pixels.

Abstract: A method for authenticating a data carrier that is associated with at least two security features that can be independently used to authenticate the data carrier, the method comprising using a first one of the security features to authenticate the data carrier and switching to using a second security feature in place of the first security feature in response to a switch security feature command.

Abstract: A turbocharger having a turbine wheel mounted to a seal boss at one end of a shaft and a compressor wheel mounted to the other end of the shaft. The seal boss includes an annular face angled relative to a radial plane extending through the shaft so that as the shaft rotates oil present on the annular face is projected into an oil collecting groove in a direction radially away from the shaft and axially away from an annular passage in a housing wall.

Abstract: A turbocharger comprises a turbine wheel (4) mounted to a seal boss (19) provided at one end of a shaft (8) and a compressor wheel (6) mounted to the other end of the shaft (8). The shaft (8) rotates on bearing assemblies (13,14) housed within a bearing housing (3) located between the compressor housing (7) and the turbine housing (5), the turbine wheel (4) being separated from the interior of the bearing housing by a housing wall (3a). The seal boss (19) extends through an annular passage (20) provided through the housing wall (3a) and is sealed with respect thereto by a seal ring (21). The seal boss (19) has an inboard axial end which extends into the bearing housing and has an annular face (31) forming a radial shoulder around the shaft (8). The bearing housing has an oil collecting groove (28) adjacent the bearing housing wall (3a), having an opening (2a) at least partially surrounding the shaft (8) and axially overlapping the inboard end of the seal boss (19).