Abstract: A method and an apparatus produce a product in at least one phase from an organic component in a feed gas stream. The method includes forming a process zone including a process molten bath and a process gas space disposed over the process molten bath. Molten droplets of said molten bath are then dispersed across the process gas space. The feed gas stream is then directed into the process gas zone, wherein the organic component is exposed to said molten droplets, thereby converting at least a portion of the organic component to a product in at least one phase.The apparatus of the invention comprises a reactor which includes a gas formation section, having a feed inlet, and means for retaining a solid feed component within the gas formation section. The apparatus also includes a process section, disposed in the reactor, having a process gas space, a gas outlet and a process molten bath disposed therein.

Abstract: Novel carbon blacks that impart advantageous properties to rubber and plastic compositions and may be utilized in the place of lamp blacks, thermal carbon blacks and blends of carbon blacks. Also disclosed are novel rubber and plastic compositions incorporating the novel carbon blacks which exhibit the advantageous combinations of compound processing and physical performance properties.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for blasting of hard rock using a highly insensitive energetic material ignited with a moderately high energy electrical discharge causing the fracturing and break up of the hard rock is provided. The blasting apparatus comprises a reusable blasting probe including a high voltage electrode and a ground return electrode separated by an insulating tube. The two electrodes of the blasting probe are in electrical contact with a continuous volume of highly insensitive yet combustible material such as a metal powder and oxidizer mixture. The metal particles within the metal powder and oxidizer mixture form a plurality of fusible metal paths between the high voltage electrode and the ground return when subjected to an electric current delivered from a large capacitor bank coupled to the high voltage electrode.

Abstract: An electrothermal chemical cartridge with a fuse of tapering cross section enables higher impulse energy to be imparted to a projectile by means of complete controlled burning of propellant. A long, narrow tube filled with propellant has a fuse on its inside surface with a cross section that tapers toward the discharge end, separated from the electrical ground of the cartridge casing by a layer of insulation sufficiently thin to be destroyed as the fuse ignites the propellant. A high-voltage electrode connected at the back end of the tube provides for application of a pulse of sufficient current density to ohmically heat or burn the fuse in a controlled fashion from the discharge end to the back end. Many such tubes can be bundled together in a large casing for wide barrel guns.

Abstract: Novel furnace carbon blacks that impart advantageous properties to rubber and plastic compositions and may be utilized in place of lamp blacks, thermal carbon blacks and blends of carbon blacks. Also disclosed are novel rubber and plastic compositions incorporating the novel carbon blacks which exhibit advantageous combinations of compound processing and physical performance properties.

Abstract: A lance for submerged injection of a feed composition, such as a waste, into a molten metal bath includes a perforate refractory tube which extends substantially coaxially about an injection tube. The perforate refractory tube shields the injection tube from the molten metal bath during partial submersion of the lance into the molten metal bath. A perforate support liner extends between the injection tube and the perforate refractory tube and supports the perforate refractory tube. The perforate support liner and the injection tube define an annulus. The method includes conducting a coolant from a coolant source through the annulus to perforations defined by the perforate support liner and the perforate refractory tube, whereby coolant can be directed through the perforations and into the molten metal bath to cause a protective coating of metal to form on the lance.

Abstract: A method for dissociating waste to its atomic constituents in a molten metal bath wherein the molten metal bath includes a refractory packing. The refractory packing is disposed in the molten metal bath to restrict the flow of waste and waste dissociation products through the molten metal and around the refractory packing to tortuous flow paths.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for injecting liquids into a molten bath. The method includes forming a suitable liquid dispersion of a liquid phase disposed in a gas phase. The liquid phase has a ratio of surface area to volume which is sufficient to cause an accumulated amount of the liquid phase in the molten bath to be significantly less than that which would occur by injection of a continuous stream of the liquid into the molten bath. The liquid dispersion is directed into the molten metal bath, whereby the liquid volatilizes or decomposes. The rate at which the liquid dispersion is injected into the molten bath is sufficient to cause the liquid of the liquid phase to volatilize or decompose at a rate which is sufficient to cause the accumulation of the liquid phase in the bath to be significantly less than that which would occur by injection of a continuous stream of the liquid into the molten bath. The apparatus includes an atomizer which is disposed at a reactor containing the molten bath.

Abstract: An electrothermal chemical cartridge with a fuse of tapering cross section enables higher impulse energy to be imparted to a projectile by means of complete controlled burning of propellant. A long, narrow tube filled with propellant has a fuse on its inside surface with a cross section that tapers toward the discharge end, separated from the electrical ground of the cartridge casing by a layer of insulation sufficiently thin to be destroyed as the fuse ignites the propellant. A high-voltage electrode connected at the back end of the tube provides for application of a pulse of sufficient current density to ohmically heat or burn the fuse in a controlled fashion from the discharge end to the back end. Many such tubes can be bundled together in a large casing for wide barrel guns.

Abstract: A bead thermistor air flow sensor assembly comprising bead thermistor and circuit conductor completely encapsulated between upper and lower layers of thin plastic film. The thermistors are mounted adjacent the outer ends of arms adapted to be aligned with the nostrils and mouth of the patient when the sensor assembly is positioned on the face of the patient by double faced mounting tape. The electrical circuit and bead thermistors being fully encapsulated and sealed, the assembly can be immersed in fluid for sterilization between uses. The assembly is thin and very flexible, permitting either face thereof to be applied to the patient to facilitate connection to monitoring equipment which may include an alarm to signal when normal breathing is interrupted.

Abstract: A reactor for dissociating waste in a molten metal bath includes a vertical reaction section for containing a molten metal bath and a horizontal separation section extending from an upper portion of the vertical reaction section. A waste is directed into the vertical section of the reactor. An oxidant is directed into the reactor for reaction with dissociation products of the waste to form gaseous, vitreous and molten metal reaction products in the molten metal bath. The horizontal separation section has discharge outlets for proximate and separate discharge of vitreous and molten metal product streams from the reactor at a location which is remote from the vertical reaction section.

Abstract: Novel carbon blacks having an I.sub.2 No. of 26-34 mg/g; a CTAB of 26-34 m.sup.2 /g; a Tint of 46-54%; a DBP of 61-69 cc/100 g and a Dst/Dmode ratio of 1.31-136. Preferably the carbon blacks are additionally characterized by having a Number Median (D.sub.c /D.sub.p) of 2.7-3.1. Also disclosed are novel rubber and plastic compositions which, when the novel carbon blacks are incorporated therein, have lowered viscosity properties during subsequent processing.