Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, hydrate or solvate thereof, comprising formula I: A-B wherein A comprises a carbohydrate that is a neuraminidase or galactosidase substrate; B comprises an odorant moiety; B is covalently bonded to an anomeric carbon of A; and A is enzymatically cleavable from B at the covalent bond site between A and B. Also disclosed are methods for detecting a pathogen with neuraminidase activity or galactosidase activity that include contacting the compound with a sample that may include the pathogen.

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, hydrate or solvate thereof, comprising formula IV: A-B wherein A comprises a substrate for an enzyme of a microorganism; B comprises an odorant moiety; B is covalently bonded to an anomeric carbon of A; and A is enzymatically cleavable from B at the covalent bond site between A and B by the enzyme of the microorganism. Examples of such compounds are referred to as substrate-odorant compounds or odorant chimeras. Also disclosed are methods for detecting a microorganism that include contacting the compound with a sample that may include the microorganism.

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, hydrate or solvate thereof, comprising formula I: A-B wherein A comprises a carbohydrate that is a neuraminidase or galactosidase substrate; B comprises an odorant moiety; B is covalently bonded to an anomeric carbon of A; and A is enzymatically cleavable from B at the covalent bond site between A and B. Also disclosed are methods for detecting a pathogen with neuraminidase activity or galactosidase activity that include contacting the compound with a sample that may include the pathogen.

Abstract: A device and method for venting a tank comprising an intermediate shutoff valve as part of a cover that closes a tank opening. The intermediate shutoff valve is placed between an existing valve and a vent port in a liquid storage tank. The shutoff valve is operable to substantially fluidly seal the vent port when the vent valve is displaced greater than a predetermined amount. The intermediate shutoff valve facilitates complete removal of the existing vent valve during an impact wherein a wall of the storage tank impacts the existing valve. Upon impact, the intermediate shutoff valve is operable to close and seal a tank opening created by the displacement and removal of the existing vent valve.