Abstract: A measurement apparatus for a peritoneal dialysis apparatus (10) comprises a connecting means (102), which is in contact with a drain line system (104) of the peritoneal dialysis apparatus (10), and electrochemical sensor means (110). The measurement apparatus (100) receives spent dialysate through the drain line system (104) when the dialysis apparatus (10) is connected with a patient (12). The electrochemical sensor means (110), which is in contact with the spent dialysate, outputs an electric signal in response to contents of urea and glucose of the spent dialysate for data processing and/or data presentation of the electric signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to providing detection of an exposure to a physical or chemical phenomenon and revealing information as a response to the exposure. A microfluidic device (20) comprises a microchannel (22) filled at least partly with at least one substance and a conductor (29) providing an intersection area (23a-23d) with the microchannel (22). As a result of exposure to the physical or chemical phenomenon directed to the microchannel (22) or to the substance in the microchannel (22) the microfluidic device (20) is arranged to control electromagnetic characteristic of the conductor (29) in the intersection area (23a-23d). An indicator device (45) comprises the microfluidic device (20) that is connected to means for indicating (40) to indicate the exposure to the phenomenon by giving a visual, sound, scent and/or electhcomagnetic indication. Further a method for detecting exposure to a physical or chemical phenomenon and indicating the exposure is presented.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (200), which comprises a first substance (220) in a microchannel (210) of the apparatus configured to react to a physical phenomenon or chemical phenomenon directed to the apparatus for providing an indication, which originates from the physical phenomenon or chemical phenomenon directed to the apparatus and indicates an occurrence of the physical phenomenon or chemical phenomenon directed to the apparatus. The invention also relates to a method, which is performed by means of the apparatus and a device, which comprises the apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to providing detection of an exposure to a physical or chemical phenomenon and revealing information as a response to the exposure. A microfluidic device (20) comprises a microchannel (22) filled at least partly with at least one substance and a conductor (29) providing an intersection area (23a-23d) with the microchannel (22). As a result of exposure to the physical or chemical phenomenon directed to the microchannel (22) or to the substance in the microchannel (22) the microfluidic device (20) is arranged to control electromagnetic characteristic of the conductor (29) in the intersection area (23a-23d). An indicator device (45) comprises the microfluidic device (20) that is connected to means for indicating (40) to indicate the exposure to the phenomenon by giving a visual, sound, scent and/or electhcomagnetic indication. Further a method for detecting exposure to a physical or chemical phenomenon and indicating the exposure is presented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biosensor solution in which the biosensor comprises at least one sol-gel response region pattern doped with a biological signature molecule and printed on the biosensor, and at least one micro-channel for transporting material to said at least one sol-gel response region pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biosensor solution in which the biosensor comprises at least one sol-gel response region pattern doped with a biological signature molecule and printed on the biosensor, and at least one micro-channel for transporting material to said at least one sol-gel response region pattern.

Abstract: A method and a measuring system for determining exhaust gas emissions from a moving vehicle by a remote optical measuring technique. The model and/or type of the vehicle under examination is identified, and the driving situation of the vehicle in question is determined at the moment of measurement. A calculatory vehicle model is used to determine a case-specific estimate for the carbon dioxide concentration of the exhaust gas plume depending on the vehicle in question and its driving situation. The accuracy of determining the concentrations of the actual emission gases is improved by eliminating the inaccuracy of the carbon dioxide concentration values.

Abstract: An entrance slit of the spectrometer is illuminated with optical radiation. An optical component images the entrance slit to an optical modulator by the optical radiation and disperses the optical radiation into a spectrum. The spectrum is modulated by the optical modulator The optical component composes spectral non-dispersive measurement radiation of the spectrum and images the entrance slit included in the measurement radiation to an exit slit which may be the same one as the exit slit or a different one. Measurement radiation is detected from the entrance slit with a detector, which converts the measurement radiation into an electrical measurement signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring a coating from paper or board. The measurement is carried out by one detector at different times or by two detectors simultaneously. IR radiation directed at the coating and radiation emerging from the coating are chopped synchronously in blocks. A wavelength band sensitive and insensitive to the absorption are bandpass filtered and measured in both the MIR and NIR region. The absorption strength is measured in a digital signal processing block by comparing the radiation sensitive to absorption to the radiation insensitive to absorption, and the amount of each coating component is determined in the digital signal processing block on the basis of the absorption strength.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring the properties of paper from a moving paper web in a paper machine. An infrared beam is directed to the paper web. The infrared beam, passed through or reflected from the paper web, is split into wavelength components with a spectrograph, and signals of the different wavelength components are measured, and the properties of paper are determined on the basis of the signals.