Abstract: The present invention relates to an anatomically personalized and mobilizing external support, a method for manufacturing is, as well as the use of a component of an invasively attached external support in determining the path of the joint being supported. In the method according to the invention, the kinetic dynamics of the joint are measured with the aid of a component of an external support invasively attached to two bone groups, on the basis of which an external support is arranged between the bone groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring a condition of a patient under anesthesia or sedation, whereupon one, two, three or more signals are acquired, and the signal(s) represent(s) cardiovascular and/or combined electrical biopotential on skull activity of the patient. From said signal or signals are derived or calculated at least two parameter values related to a quantity like waveform amplitude, waveform periodicity, waveform morphology, waveform variability, energy, power, signal complexity and frequency content. A predetermined mathematical index for probability of patient comfort is used, in which function said parameters are variables, and successively changing probability index values of said mathematical index is calculated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anatomically personalized and mobilizing external support, a method for manufacturing is, as well as the use of a component of an invasively attached external support in determining the path of the joint being supported. In the method according to the invention, the kinetic dynamics of the joint are measured with the aid of a component of an external support invasively attached to two bone groups, on the basis of which an external support is arranged between the bone groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mechanism for determining the depth of sleep of a subject. In order to obtain information about the continuum of the depth of sleep in a user-friendly way without a need for high computational power, EEG signal data is obtained from a subject, REM sleep periods of the subject are detected, and a measure indicative of irregularity in the EEG signal data is derived. Based on the measure and the depicted REM sleep periods, a sleep depth index and state information are produced, where the index is indicative of the depth of sleep of the subject and the state information indicates whether or not the EEG signal data is obtained during a REM sleep period. The detection of the REM periods may be based on a bioimpedance measured from EEG electrodes simultaneously with the EEG measurement or on EOG signal data measured from the subject.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining an indicator of the level of nociception of a subject are disclosed. A parameter indicative of sympathetical activation in a subject is generated. To tackle inter-subject variability and to maintain low measurement delay with the help of reduced computational effort, changes in the parameter are monitored to detect a stable state of the parameter. Upon detection the stable state, a subject-specific scaling transformation intended to transform the parameter to an index on a predetermined index scale is determined. The scaling transformation is made dependent on at least one value detected for the parameter in connection with detection of the stable state. The scaling transformation is then applied to subsequent values of the parameter, thereby to transform the subsequent values to index values indicative of the level of nociception.

Abstract: Method in a patient ventilating system to be used for example in awakening a patient at the end stage of an anesthesia procedure in which a carestation comprising an anesthesia machine is used. The method comprises the steps of setting a target value for the patient end tidal CO2 (EtCO2), and performing increase of the patient end tidal CO2 to the set target value by automatically using a ventilator in the anesthesia machine, and keeping blood oxygenation continuously at a safe level.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring a condition of a patient under anesthesia or sedation, whereupon one, two, three or more signals are acquired, and the signal(s) represent(s) cardiovascular and/or combined electrical biopotential on skull activity of the patient. From said signal or signals are derived or calculated at least two parameter values related to a quantity like waveform amplitude, waveform periodicity, waveform morphology, waveform variability, energy, power, signal complexity and frequency content. A predetermined mathematical index for probability of patient comfort is used, in which function said parameters are variables, and successively changing probability index values of said mathematical index is calculated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring a condition of a patient under anesthesia or sedation, whereupon one, two, three or more signals are acquired, and the signal(s) represent(s) cardiovascular and/or combined electrical biopotential on skull activity of the patient. From said signal or signals are derived or calculated at least two parameter values related to a quantity like waveform amplitude, waveform periodicity, waveform morphology, waveform variability, energy, power, signal complexity and frequency content. A predetermined mathematical index for probability of patient comfort is used, in which function said parameters are variables, and successively changing probability index values of said mathematical index is calculated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mechanism for determining the depth of sleep of a subject. In order to obtain information about the continuum of the depth of sleep in a user-friendly way without a need for high computational power, EEG signal data is obtained from a subject, REM sleep periods of the subject are detected, and a measure indicative of irregularity in the EEG signal data is derived. Based on the measure and the detected REM sleep periods, a sleep depth index and state information are produced, where the index is indicative of the depth of sleep of the subject and the state information indicates whether or not the EEG signal data is obtained during a REM sleep period. The detection of the REM periods may be based on a bioimpedance measured from EEG electrodes simultaneously with the EEG measurement or on EOG signal data measured from the subject.

Abstract: A method concerning measurements by using an electrode array comprising three electrodes for central nervous system (CNS) monitoring from the forehead of a patient's head. A first electrode of said three electrodes is positioned between the eyebrows or immediately above the eyebrows of the patient. A third electrode of said three electrodes is positioned apart from the first electrode on the hairless fronto-lateral area of the forehead the patient. A second electrode is positioned between the first and the third electrodes on the forehead of the patient.

Abstract: A method concerning measurements by using an electrode array comprising three electrodes for central nervous system (CNS) monitoring from the forehead of a patient's head. A first electrode of said three electrodes is positioned between the eyebrows or immediately above the eyebrows of the patient. A third electrode of said three electrodes is positioned apart from the first electrode on the hairless fronto-lateral area of the forehead the patient. A second electrode is positioned between the first and the third electrodes on the forehead of the patient.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring a condition of a patient under anesthesia or sedation, whereupon one, two, three or more signals are acquired, and the signal(s) represent(s) cardiovascular and/or combined electrical biopotential on skull activity of the patient. From said signal or signals are derived or calculated at least two parameter values related to a quantity like waveform amplitude, waveform periodicity, waveform morphology, waveform variability, energy, power, signal complexity and frequency content. A predetermined mathematical index for probability of patient comfort is used, in which function said parameters are variables, and successively changing probability index values of said mathematical index is calculated.

Abstract: A method concerning measurements by using an electrode array comprising three electrodes for central nervous system (CNS) monitoring from the forehead of a patient's head. A first electrode of said three electrodes is positioned between the eyebrows or immediately above the eyebrows of the patient. A third electrode of said three electrodes is positioned apart from the first electrode on the hairless fronto-lateral area of the forehead the patient. A second electrode is positioned between the first and the third electrodes on the forehead of the patient.

Abstract: An arrangement in connection with a gas mixer, which is arranged to form a mixed gas of oxygen and another gas to be mixed with it. To provide a simple and reliable arrangement, before the mixed gas is formed the oxygen is arranged to be supplied through both a mechanical adjusting means, and a mechanical and electronic flow-measuring means. The other gas to be mixed with oxygen is arranged to flow through an electronic flow-measuring device. The flow of the other gas is arranged to be regulated by means of an electronically controlled regulating valve, whereupon the electronic flow-measuring means, the electronic flow-measuring device, and the electronically controlled regulating valve are arranged to be operated by means of a control unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for anticipating a change occurring in the condition of a patient's organism before the condition of a patient reaches a critical point, the condition of a patient's organism being monitored by the application of an appropriate measuring method and the determinations according to said measuring method being effected at appropriate time intervals. The measuring results obtained on the basis of effected measurements, the number of which must be at least two, or quantities derived therefrom are utilized for predicting the future development of one or more measuring results and, if a measuring result according to the prediction indicates that a limit value representing a predetermined critical point is reached in the condition of a patient within a predetermined period of time, a warning signal is released indicating that this critical point is being approached.