Abstract: In an edge of a sandwich structure a thin sheet is detached for a predetermined portion from a material. A first edge part is placed on one surface of the thin sheet detached from the material. A second edge part is placed on the opposite surface of the thin sheet detached from the material. The thin sheet detached from the material is fastened with a fastening element tightly between the first edge part and the second edge part.

Abstract: A method for determining the properties of a log, in which a moving log is radiographed by at least more than one X-radiation source, and the radiographic information is received by a detector array measuring radiation. Stemwood and knots of the log are calculated by a principle which is based on a known geometry and density of stemwood and knots. After measurement, the effect of stemwood in radiographic projections, and hence the analysis for locating knots, is eliminated by filtering. The knot mass is then converted from radiographic projections into volumetric elements of a cylindrical coordinate system and, from the value of each volumetric element, an evidence value representative of the presence of a knot in the element is derived. The evidence values of mutually associated elements are then combined, thus producing an aggregate evidence value which permits the knots to be located.

Abstract: An electrode system for voltametric measurements for measuring oxidative and reductive compounds in aqueous solutions primarily in the paper and pulp industries, said system comprising a working electrode (1), a counter-electrode (2) and a reference electrode (3), these being connected to a voltametric measuring apparatus (4). The aim is to introduce an electrode system mountable in the process pipeline with greater ease than electrodes of prior art and of a construction simpler than earlier systems, and more durable and less maintenance-requiring than these.As taught by the invention, the reference electrode (3) is a metal electrode and has been made for instance of silver, platinum, gold, titanium or "Hastalloy C" steel. The electrodes are advantageously installed together and in one and the same pick-up and disposed to be so placed in the process pipe system that the solution flowing in the pipe system flushes the electrodes.