Abstract: An illustrative embodiment disclosed herein is an apparatus including a processor with programmed instructions to receive, from a user device and via a network, encrypted credentials for logging on a user associated with the user device to a virtual machine. The processor is coupled to the virtual machine via a hypervisor. The processor has programmed instructions to decrypt the credentials, send, to an operating system of the virtual machine, the decrypted credentials, and cause the operating system to log the user on to the virtual machine.

Abstract: An illustrative embodiment disclosed herein is an apparatus including a processor with programmed instructions to receive, from a user device and via a network, encrypted credentials for logging on a user associated with the user device to a virtual machine. The processor is coupled to the virtual machine via a hypervisor. The processor has programmed instructions to decrypt the credentials, send, to an operating system of the virtual machine, the decrypted credentials, and cause the operating system to log the user on to the virtual machine.

Abstract: A data system in which a parent transaction that has multiple nested transactions has isolation between the nested transactions. Each of at least some of the plurality of operations are included within a nested transaction within the parent transaction. For each of at least some of the nested transactions, a begin transaction identifier is assigned to the nested transaction; and on or around completion of the nested transaction, a completion transaction identifier is assigned as a statement identifier at least one object version operated upon by the nested transaction. Visibility of a particular version of an object to an active nested transaction may be verified by comparing the begin transaction identifier of the active nested transaction to the statement identifier of the particular version of the object. The comparison is done such that visibility achieves the proper isolation between nested transactions.

Abstract: A data system in which a parent transaction that has multiple nested transactions has isolation between the nested transactions. Each of at least some of the plurality of operations are included within a nested transaction within the parent transaction. For each of at least some of the nested transactions, a begin transaction identifier is assigned to the nested transaction; and on or around completion of the nested transaction, a completion transaction identifier is assigned as a statement identifier at least one object version operated upon by the nested transaction. Visibility of a particular version of an object to an active nested transaction may be verified by comparing the begin transaction identifier of the active nested transaction to the statement identifier of the particular version of the object. The comparison is done such that visibility achieves the proper isolation between nested transactions.

Abstract: A data system in which a parent transaction that has multiple nested transactions has isolation between the nested transactions. Each of at least some of the plurality of operations are included within a nested transaction within the parent transaction. For each of at least some of the nested transactions, a begin transaction identifier is assigned to the nested transaction; and on or around completion of the nested transaction, a completion transaction identifier is assigned as a statement identifier at least one object version operated upon by the nested transaction. Visibility of a particular version of an object to an active nested transaction may be verified by comparing the begin transaction identifier of the active nested transaction to the statement identifier of the particular version of the object. The comparison is done such that visibility achieves the proper isolation between nested transactions.