Abstract: A method for detecting a suppression of a security-related data transmission from a vehicle to a vehicle-external server includes receiving a current data transmission of the vehicle via a first function of the vehicle-external server. The method also includes determining a last, security-related data transmission of the vehicle to a security-related function of the vehicle-external server via the vehicle-external server, and checking the plausibility of the current data transmission to the first function of the vehicle-external server based at least in part on the last, security-related data transmission to the security-related function of the vehicle-external server. The method further includes detecting the suppression of a current, security-related data transmission to the security-related function of the vehicle-external server via the vehicle-external server according to the plausibility check of the current data transmission.

Abstract: A method for detecting an interruption in a data transmission from a vehicle to a security-related function of a vehicle-external server includes receiving a data transmission of one or more control units of the vehicle using the security-related function of the vehicle-external server, and receiving a reference control unit state of the vehicle using the vehicle-external server. The method also includes determining an actual control unit state of the vehicle depending on the received data transmission, and checking for a deviation of the actual control unit state of the vehicle from the reference control unit state of the vehicle. The method further includes detecting an interruption in the data transmission of one or more control units of the vehicle to the security-related function of the vehicle-external server responsive to a determination that the deviation of the actual control unit state from the reference control unit state is present.

Abstract: A method for identifying an inadmissible message of a manipulated control device of a vehicle using a second control device includes receiving a first message of a first control device via a first bus system using the second control device, and determining a bus system that is associated with the received first message. If the determined bus system differs from the first bus system, then the received first message is determined to be an inadmissible message of the first bus system by means of the second control device. The method also includes identifying the first control device as the manipulated control device using the second control device if the received first message has been identified as an inadmissible message. The method further includes providing an alarm message to a vehicle-external server using the second control device if the received first message is an inadmissible message.

Abstract: A method identifies a manipulation of a message of a bus system using a control device of a vehicle. Th method includes receiving a first message from a first control device using the control device of the vehicle. The method also includes receiving a second message from a second control device using the control device of the vehicle, and determining a system status of the vehicle based at least in part on the second message from the second control device. The method further checking a plausibility of a content of the first message using the determined system status of the vehicle using the control device of the vehicle in order to identify the manipulation of the first message. An alarm message is provided if the content of the first message is not plausible.

Abstract: A method identifies a manipulation of an analog signal by means of a control device of a vehicle. A series of messages are received from a bus system using the control device of the vehicle, wherein a message of the sequence of messages includes a value of the analog signal. The method includes storing the sequence of messages in a buffer of the control device, and determining a temporal profile of the analog signal based on the stored sequence of messages. The method further includes calculating a gradient for the determined temporal profile of the analog signal, and plausibility-checking the calculated gradient to identify the manipulation of the analog signal. The method also includes providing an alarm message if the gradient is not plausible.

Abstract: A method of using a controller of a vehicle to detect manipulation of a message of a bus system of the vehicle is disclosed herein. The method includes receiving, at the controller, the message from the bus system of the vehicle, and ascertaining a state of a learning method of the controller based on a vehicle state. When the state of the learning method indicates that the learning method is not trained: the method further includes training the learning method using the received message. When the state of the learning method indicates that the learning method is trained, the method further includes using the trained learning method to detect manipulation of the message. The method also includes providing an alarm message from the controller to a server outside of the vehicle when the trained learning method has detected manipulation of the message.

Abstract: A method for identifying a manipulated controller of a bus system of a vehicle is disclosed herein. The method includes transmitting a first message via the bus system by means of a first controller, and receiving the first message via the bus system by means of a second controller. The method further includes determining a message type of the received first message and determining a reference message by means of the second controller, wherein the reference message has a message type that corresponds to the determined message type of the first message. The method also includes determining a deviation of the first message from the reference message. When the first message deviates from the reference message, the method further includes identifying the first controller as the manipulated controller by means of the second controller, and providing an alarm message from the second controller to a server outside the vehicle.

Abstract: A process for recycling a stream of polyester waste material by depolymerising the polyester by alcoholysis, includes first and second consecutive stages of depolymerisation, in which the polymer waste material is subjected in a continuous manner, in the first stage, the polyester waste material is continuously fed to an extruder operated at a temperature above the polyester melting temperature, while a first amount of alcohol is co-fed to the extruder, to produce a fluid mixture including a melt of the at least partly depolymerised polyester, and in the second stage, the fluid mixture is continuously fed to a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operated at a temperature above the polyester melting temperature, while co-feeding a second amount of alcohol to the CSTR, a residence time in the CSTR being used to provide at the CSTR outlet a continuous stream of polyester depolymerised into an oligomeric ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for programming a control device of the vehicle, the method comprising: writing a first software module into the control device (106) via a first interface (108); blocking the first interface (108) of the control device (106); writing a key (122) into a secured memory area (132) of the control device (106) via a second interface; writing an encrypted vehicle software (112) into the control device (106) via the second interface; decrypting the encrypted vehicle software (112) by means of the first software module (110) by using the written key; storing the decrypted vehicle software in a memory area (134) of the control device (106); and installing read protection for the memory area (134) of the decrypted vehicle software.

Abstract: Images of an object, such as OCT scans of a human eye, can include distortions and data gaps due to relative motion of the object and the image acquisition device. Methods and systems for correction of such distortions and data gaps are described herein. Motion-corrected data is arrived at by applying three-dimensional transforms to input three-dimensional data sets that represent at least partially overlapping regions of the imaged object. The three dimensional transforms are computed based on an objective function that accounts for similarity between the transformed three-dimensional data sets and the estimated motion of the object relative to an imaging instrument. Methods and systems described herein advantageously eliminate the need for postulated assumptions and reliance on landmarks and are capable of filling data gaps, thereby producing high quality, undistorted images of objects subject to movement during imaging.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for programming a control device of the vehicle, the method comprising: writing a first software module into the control device (106) via a first interface (108); blocking the first interface (108) of the control device (106); writing a key (122) into a secured memory area (132) of the control device (106) via a second interface; writing an encrypted vehicle software (112) into the control device (106) via the second interface; decrypting the encrypted vehicle software (112) by means of the first software module (110) by using the written key; storing the decrypted vehicle software in a memory area (134) of the control device (106); and installing read protection for the memory area (134) of the decrypted vehicle software.

Abstract: Images of an object, such as OCT scans of a human eye, can include distortions and data gaps due to relative motion of the object and the image acquisition device. Methods and systems for correction of such distortions and data gaps are described herein. Motion-corrected data is arrived at by applying three-dimensional transforms to input three-dimensional data sets that represent at least partially overlapping regions of the imaged object. The three dimensional transforms are computed based on an objective function that accounts for similarity between the transformed three-dimensional data sets and the estimated motion of the object relative to an imaging instrument. Methods and systems described herein advantageously eliminate the need for postulated assumptions and reliance on landmarks and are capable of filling data gaps, thereby producing high quality, undistorted images of objects subject to movement during imaging.

Abstract: Images of an object, such as OCT scans of a human eye, can include distortions and data gaps due to relative motion of the object and the image acquisition device. Methods and systems for correction of such distortions and data gaps are described herein. Motion-corrected data is arrived at by applying three-dimensional transforms to input three-dimensional data sets that represent at least partially overlapping regions of the imaged object. The three dimensional transforms are computed based on an objective function that accounts for similarity between the transformed three-dimensional data sets and the estimated motion of the object relative to an imaging instrument. Methods and systems described herein advantageously eliminate the need for postulated assumptions and reliance on landmarks and are capable of filling data gaps, thereby producing high quality, undistorted images of objects subject to movement during imaging.

Abstract: A modular electrical machine includes multiple integrated rotor modules releasably mounted upon a power transmission member to form a torus-like structure, wherein each integrated rotor module includes a series of parallel rotor plates spaced apart to provide an air gap between successive rotor plates in the series. The rotor plates hold permanent magnets securely within the air gap. Corresponding stator modules, each made of multiple air-cored coils potted in a resin material to form a blade. Each blade is externally supported with respect to the rotor module and is positioned between the permanent magnets within one of the air gaps between successive rotor plates.

Abstract: Images of an object, such as OCT scans of a human eye, can include distortions and data gaps due to relative motion of the object and the image acquisition device. Methods and systems for correction of such distortions and data gaps are described herein. Motion-corrected data is arrived at by applying three-dimensional transforms to input three-dimensional data sets that represent at least partially overlapping regions of the imaged object. The three dimensional transforms are computed based on an objective function that accounts for similarity between the transformed three-dimensional data sets and the estimated motion of the object relative to an imaging instrument. Methods and systems described herein advantageously eliminate the need for postulated assumptions and reliance on landmarks and are capable of filling data gaps, thereby producing high quality, undistorted images of objects subject to movement during imaging.