Abstract: In an embodiment, a process may divide elements of a mesh into sub-elements utilizing field nodes. The process may determine if each field node is inside or outside a material point cloud. The process may calculate a distance from each outside field node to a surface of the material point cloud based on a surface vector in a normal direction and a deformed volume of a material point. The process may calculate a distance from each inside field node to the surface of the material point cloud based on a surface vector, in a normal direction and associated with an outside field node closest to the inside field node, that takes into account a deformed volume of a material point. The process may utilize the distances to generate a signed distance field that may be used to perform calculations to simulate a behavior of a physical material/object that exhibit deformations.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, a process may calculate a fill ratio for each element in the background mesh. The process may identify partially filled elements of the background mesh based on the calculated fill ratios. The process may transform each partially filled element to an empty or filled element by identifying a node of the partially filled element and moving the identified node to a different location in the background mesh. The process may generate an updated background mesh, that includes only empty and filled elements, that may be utilized to perform one or more calculations for one or more time steps in a modeling/simulation environment to simulate a behavior of a physical material/object that may exhibit deformations.