Abstract: A method for determining optimized basis functions for describing trajectories. The method includes receiving reference data which describes possible trajectories; preprocessing the reference data, wherein the reference data is aggregated in a matrix Y; carrying out a singular value decomposition Y=USVT, wherein the matrices U and V each comprise singular vectors and S is a diagonal singular value matrix with singular values ?i; identifying at least one of the singular values ?i as a dominant singular value ?d,i and at least one other of the singular values ?i as a non-dominant singular value ?nd,i; and determining a matrix Ud which comprises dominant singular vectors assigned to the dominant singular values ?d,i, wherein the optimized basis functions are described by the dominant singular vectors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a security element (1) with a first volume hologram layer (11), which spans a coordinate system with the coordinate axes x and y (3, 4) perpendicular to each other in an unbent state of the security element (1), wherein a first volume hologram is introduced into the first volume hologram layer (11) in at least one first area (51), wherein the first volume hologram is formed such that a first item of information (21-30) is visible for an observer (7) in a first observation situation in a first predefined bent state of the security element (1) and is not visible in the first observation situation in the unbent state of the security element (1) or vice versa.

Abstract: A method for transferring a decorative section of a stamping foil onto a substrate by means of an embossing die, wherein the stamping foil includes a carrier film and a transfer ply arranged on the carrier film. The method includes: a) Provision of the stamping foil; b) Embossing or pressing of at least one compression section spaced apart from the edge of the decorative section, into the transfer ply; c) Stamping of the decorative section onto the substrate; d) Detachment of the residual stamping film from the substrate embossed with the decorative section.

Abstract: A method for forming a volume hologram film having security elements which are formed as a transfer section of the volume hologram film is described, wherein the volume hologram film has n volume hologram layers arranged one over another. The production of the volume hologram film is carried out in a roll-to-roll method with the following method steps: a) providing a carrier film from a supply roll; b) applying an i-th photopolymer layer to the carrier film; c) forming an i-th volume hologram in the photopolymer layer; d) forming an i-th volume hologram layer by curing the i-th photopolymer layer; e) repeating process steps b) to e) n?1 times; f) applying an adhesive layer to the background layer; g) winding the volume hologram film onto a take-up roll.

Abstract: A method for transferring a decorative section of a stamping foil onto a substrate by means of an embossing die, wherein the stamping foil includes a carrier film and a transfer ply arranged on the carrier film. The method includes: a) Provision of the stamping foil; b) Embossing or pressing of at least one compression section spaced apart from the edge of the decorative section, into the transfer ply; c) Stamping of the decorative section onto the substrate; d) Detachment of the residual stamping film from the substrate embossed with the decorative section.

Abstract: The invention relates to an absorbent medium for improving the overprintability, in particular by inkjet printing, of a security element, in particular an optically variable security element, comprising a binder, at least one pigment and an in particular aqueous solvent. The invention furthermore relates to a transfer film with an absorbent layer made of such an absorbent medium as well as a method for personalizing a security element using such a transfer film.

Abstract: A security element with a first volume hologram layer, which spans a coordinate system with the coordinate axes x and y perpendicular to each other in an unbent state of the security element, wherein a first volume hologram is introduced into the first volume hologram layer in at least one first area, wherein the first volume hologram is formed such that a first item of information is visible for an observer in a first observation situation in a first predefined bent state of the security element and is not visible in the first observation situation in the unbent state of the security element or vice versa.

Abstract: The invention relates to an absorbent medium for improving the overprintability, in particular by inkjet printing, of a security element, in particular an optically variable security element, comprising a binder, at least one pigment and an in particular aqueous solvent. The invention furthermore relates to a transfer film with an absorbent layer made of such an absorbent medium as well as a method for personalizing a security element using such a transfer film.

Abstract: A method for producing a security element (55) and a security element (55) in the form of a multilayered film body having a top side facing the observer. The security element (55) has a volume hologram layer, in which a volume hologram is recorded, which provides a first optically variable information item. The security element (55) has a replication layer, in the surface of which a relief structure providing a second optically variable information item is molded and which is arranged above the volume hologram layer. A partial metallic layer is arranged between the volume hologram layer and the replication layer, wherein the metallic layer is provided in one or a plurality of first zones of the security element and the metallic layer is not provided in one or a plurality of second zones of the security element.

Abstract: A method for producing a security element (55) and a security element (55) in the form of a multilayered film body having a top side facing the observer. The security element (55) has a volume hologram layer, in which a volume hologram is recorded, which provides a first optically variable information item. The security element (55) has a replication layer, in the surface of which a relief structure providing a second optically variable information item is molded and which is arranged above the volume hologram layer. A partial metallic layer is arranged between the volume hologram layer and the replication layer, wherein the metallic layer is provided in one or a plurality of first zones of the security element and the metallic layer is not provided in one or a plurality of second zones of the security element.

Abstract: The invention concerns a security element in the form of a multi-layer film body having a volume hologram layer with two different items of optical information and a process for the production of such a security element.

Abstract: A method for producing a security element (55) and a security element (55) in the form of a multilayered film body having a top side facing the observer. The security element (55) has a volume hologram layer, in which a volume hologram is recorded, which provides a first optically variable information item. The security element (55) has a replication layer, in the surface of which a relief structure providing a second optically variable information item is molded and which is arranged above the volume hologram layer. A partial metallic layer is arranged between the volume hologram layer and the replication layer, wherein the metallic layer is provided in one or a plurality of first zones of the security element and the metallic layer is not provided in one or a plurality of second zones of the security element.

Abstract: The invention concerns a security element in the form of a multi-layer film body having a volume hologram layer with two different items of optical information and a process for the production of such a security element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a security element (55) and to a security element (55) in the form of a multilayered film body having a top side facing the observer. The security element (55) has a volume hologram layer, in which a volume hologram is recorded, which provides a first optically variable information item. The security element (55) has a replication layer, in the surface of which a relief structure providing a second optically variable information item is molded and which is arranged above the volume hologram layer. A partial metallic layer is arranged between the volume hologram layer and the replication layer, wherein the metallic layer is provided in one or a plurality of first zones of the security element and the metallic layer is not provided in one or a plurality of second zones of the security element.