Abstract: A drive-in dowel formed as a sleeve (2, 22) provided with a load application element (3, 23) and having a front section formed of a plurality of expansion elements separated from each other by longitudinal slots, with each of the plurality of expansion elements being formed of a trailing expansion tab (8, 28) and a leading expansion tab (9, 29) separated by a flexible transitional region (6, 26) and forming with each other an angle (.alpha.) from about 100.degree. to about 160.degree., with a front end of the leading tab being located closer to a sleeve longitudinal axis (A) than the flexible transitional region (6, 26); and with the sleeve being provided with a plurality of chisel-like cutters (10) on outer surfaces of respective flexible transition regions (6; 26) which substantially do not project beyond the outer diameter of the sleeve.

Abstract: An expansion dowel including an expansion sleeve (2, 22) radially expandable upon being compressed and having a slot (5) extending along an entire axial length of the expansion sleeve (2, 22) and inclined toward an axis (A) of the expansion sleeve (2, 22), with a respective edge region (6, 7) of the slots extending beyond a respective end surface (8, 9) of the expansive sleeve (2, 22) in an unexpanded condition of the sleeve, and an arrangement (2, 52, 53; 51; 23, 24, 25, 26) for retaining the expansion sleeve (2, 22) in its axially compressed and radially expanded condition.

Abstract: An expansion dowel is formed of an axially extending expansion sleeve (2) with a through bore (9) and an expansion region (3) having at least one axially extending slot (5), and an expanding member (6) axially displaceable by axially directed blows in the through bore from an initial position to an end position in which the expansion region (3) is expanded. The through bore (9) has an inside surface (4) of the expansion region (3) adjacent to an envelope or outside surface (7) of the expanding member (6) in the end position with the radius of curvature (a) of the inside surface (4) basically the same as the radii of curvature of the envelope surface (7) of expanding member (6).

Abstract: A process for determining the quantity of a liquid situated in a largely closed system of a motor vehicle is provided. The filling level of the liquid in the system fluctuates as a function of the driving condition. In the case of a known process of this type for determining the engine oil quantity, the oil quantity determination takes place by filling level measurements while the vehicle is standing and the engine is switched off. The present process determines driving-condition-indicating quantities in the driving operation, determines therefrom the momentary driving condition, and, at least during selected driving conditions in the driving operation, continuously sense the filling level, as well as determines therefrom the momentary filling quantity via a given dependence of the liquid quantity on the driving condition and on the filling level. This permits, for example, a monitoring of the engine oil quantity in the continuous driving operation.

Abstract: A spreading anchor including an anchor rod having a stem (2) provided at its front end with a cone (3) which widens toward its free end, and a sleeve (5) which surrounds the stem (2), is axially displaceable along the anchor rod, and has a plurality of cutting tabs (6) separated from each other by axially extending slots (70, extending from a hinge point (9) in a direction of the cone (3), and having cutters (10), in regions of their free front ends, with the cutting tabs expanding radially upon the sleeve (5) being pushed onto the cone (3), with the sleeve (5) having at its free end in a region of the cutting tabs (6), and axially extending folded-over section (8) having an axial length (1) corresponding approximately to the length of the axial slots, and with the hinge (9) being located in the transition region between the folded-over section (8) and the sleeve outer surface.

Abstract: A spreading anchor including an anchor rod (2) having a stem (12) provided at its front end, when viewed in a setting direction, with a cone (3) widening outwardly towards its free end and a longitudinally displaceable sleeve (4) pushed over the anchor rod (2) and having at a front end (8) cutting tabs (5) which are provided with cutters, are separated from each other by gaps, extend from a plastic hinge (11) toward the cone (3), and are spread radially upon sliding of the sleeve (4) over the cone (3), the sections of the cutting tabs (5), which extend from free ends thereof in a direction toward the plastic hinge (11), having an outer surface (6) remote from the cone (3) and formed at least in their cutting region thereof as a substantially toroidal surface.