Abstract: A method of measuring indices in superabsorbents, by initially charging excess aqueous solution or dispersion, swelling the superabsorbent in the initially charged aqueous solution or dispersion while stirring, dissolving or dispersing a component A in the aqueous solution or dispersion, measuring the enrichment of component A in the aqueous solution or dispersion during the swelling of the superabsorbent, using the enrichment of component A in the aqueous solution or dispersion to measure the time-dependent swelling characteristics and using these to determine the swelling constant k or the characteristic swell time ?, the index being dependent on the permeability of the superabsorbent, and ascertaining the index by means of a correlation measured beforehand between swelling constant k and index or characteristic swell time ? and index.

Abstract: The present invention relates to malonamide compounds of the formula (I) where the variables are as defined in the claims and the description, and to compositions comprising these compounds. The invention also relates to the use of the said malonamide compounds or the corresponding compositions for controlling unwanted vegetation. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods of applying said malonamide compounds or the corresponding compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to malonamide compounds of the formula (I) where the variables are as defined in the claims and the description, and to compositions comprising these compounds. The invention also relates to the use of said malonamide compounds or the corresponding compositions for controlling unwanted vegetation, and to methods of applying the malonamide compounds or the corresponding compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to malonamide compounds of the formula (I) where the variables are as defined in the claims and the description, and to compositions comprising these compounds. The invention also relates to the use of said malonamide compounds or the corresponding compositions for controlling unwanted vegetation, and to methods of applying the malonamide compounds or the corresponding compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to malonamide compounds of the formula (I) where the variables are as defined in the claims and the description, and to compositions comprising these compounds. The invention also relates to the use of the said malonamide compounds or the corresponding compositions for controlling unwanted vegetation. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods of applying said malonamide compounds or the corresponding compositions.

Abstract: A safety laser scanner (10) for detecting objects in a monitored zone (20) is provided that has a light transmitter (12) for transmitting a scan beam (16), a movable deflection unit (18) for the periodic scanning of the monitored zone (20) by the scan beam (16), a light receiver (26) for generating a received signal from the scan beam (22) remitted by the objects, a front screen (38), and a control and evaluation unit (32) that is configured to acquire information on the objects in the monitored zone (20) from the received signal and to recognize an impaired light permeability of the front screen (38) in a front screen monitoring by evaluating a front screen reflection beam (54) that is generated from the scan beam (16) by reflection at the front screen (38), At least one light deflection unit (56, 58) is provided in the optical path of the front screen reflection beam (54) that guides the front screen reflection beam (54) to the front screen (38) again in a region (60) to be tested so that a twice-reflected

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I), and their use as herbicides. In said formula, R1 to R10 represent groups such as hydrogen, halo-gen or linear or cyclic organic groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or alkoxy. The invention further refers to a composition comprising such compound and to the use thereof for controlling unwanted vegetation.

Abstract: A clamp assembly has a clamp with a clamp band and a clamping device for clamping the clamping band and has a heat protection device with a housing and at least one insulating layer. The housing has a respective wall at each axial end face, the wall being divided into sections and protruding radially inwards, and the at least one insulating layer can be positioned between the walls of the housing. The clamp can be surrounded at least in some regions by the housing and/or the at least one insulating layer of the heat protection device, and the heat protection device is designed to be connectable to the clamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I), and their use as herbicides. In said formula, R1 to R8 represent groups such as hydrogen, halo-gen or organic groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy; W1 and W2 are —CR9R10—, —C(O)—, —O—, X is a bond or a divalent unit; Y is hydrogen, cyano, hydroxyl or a linear or cyclic organic group. The invention further refers to a composition comprising such compound and to the use thereof for controlling unwanted vegetation.

Abstract: Control center for an aerial device, said aerial device comprising a main boom part mounted with a first end on a turret, the main boom part being inclinable around a horizontal axis in a first inclination movement, rotatable around a vertical axis in a rotation movement, and extendable and retractable along its longitudinal extension direction in a first telescopic movement, wherein the control center comprises a first joystick configured for controlling the first inclination movement by tilting the first joystick around a first control axis, controlling the rotation movement by tilting the first joystick around a second control axis perpendicular to the first control axis, and for controlling the first telescopic movement by rotating the first joystick around its stick axis.

Abstract: A vehicle control system provides a driving function for the automated longitudinal control of a vehicle at a signaling unit. The vehicle control system is configured to repeatedly ascertain, at points in time in a sequence of successive points in time, based on environmental data acquired by one or more environmental sensors on the vehicle, distance information related to a distance in units and/or in time of the vehicle from a first signaling unit lying ahead and/or status data related to a signaling status of the first signaling unit. The vehicle control system is additionally configured to factor into account or ignore, according to an estimated value of the distance and/or time of the vehicle from the first signaling unit, the distance information and/or the status information during the automated longitudinal control of the vehicle at the first signaling unit.

Abstract: A vehicle guidance system provides a driving function for automated longitudinal guidance of a vehicle. The vehicle guidance system is designed to determine that the vehicle is at a signaling unit. Furthermore, the vehicle guidance system is designed to detect that the driver of the vehicle is actuating an operating element of a user interface of the vehicle for controlling the driving function. The vehicle guidance system is additionally designed to bring about automated starting of the vehicle in response to the detected actuation of the operating element.

Abstract: A device for identifying a signaling unit on a road on which a vehicle is traveling is described. The device is configured to determine an arrangement of one or more signal signs of the signaling unit on the basis of environmental data of one or more environmental sensors of the vehicle. The device is further configured to assign the one or more signal signs to one or more corresponding grid cells of a signal sign grid based on assignment logic.

Abstract: A vehicle guidance system provides a travel function for automated longitudinal guidance of a motor vehicle at a signaling unit. The vehicle guidance system is designed to determine an environmental data based distance from an upcoming first signaling unit on the basis of environmental data from one or more environmental sensors of the vehicle, and to determine a map data based distance from the upcoming first signaling unit on the basis of map data relating to a road network travelled by the vehicle. The vehicle guidance system is further designed to determine an estimated value of the distance from the first signaling unit on the basis of the environmental data based distance and on the basis of the map data based distance, and to bring about the automated longitudinal guidance of the vehicle at the first signaling unit on the basis of the estimated value of the distance from the first signaling unit.

Abstract: A vehicle control system provides a driving function for the automated longitudinal control of a vehicle. The vehicle control system is configured to detect, based on environmental data, a first signaling unit that lies ahead of the vehicle in the direction of travel on a roadway on which the vehicle travels. The vehicle control system is additionally configured to ascertain distance information related to a distance in time and/or in units of the vehicle from the first signaling unit. The vehicle control system is also configured to initiate or prevent, according to the distance-related information, the output of information related to the first signaling unit.

Abstract: A vehicle control system provides a driving function for the automated longitudinal control of a vehicle. The vehicle control system is configured to ascertain, based on environmental data related to a preceding vehicle driving in front of the vehicle in question, that the preceding vehicle is crossing an intersection associated with a signaling unit. The vehicle control system is additionally configured to automatedly control, in reaction to the ascertainment, the vehicle across the intersection behind the preceding vehicle even if the vehicle control system has been unable to unequivocally ascertain the status of the signaling unit in respect of the vehicle being allowed to cross the intersection.

Abstract: A vehicle control system provides a driving function for the automated longitudinal control of a vehicle. The vehicle control system is configured to detect that the user of the vehicle causes a change in the configuration of a property of the driving function at a configuration time or in a configuration position of the vehicle. The vehicle control system is additionally configured to ascertain that a first signaling unit lying ahead in the direction of travel of the vehicle is already taken into account during the automated longitudinal control of the vehicle at the configuration time or in the configuration position, and to take into account the change in the configuration during the automated longitudinal control of the vehicle only in a signaling unit that follows the first signaling unit.

Abstract: A vehicle guidance system provides a driving function for automated longitudinal guidance of a vehicle. The vehicle guidance system is designed to determine data relating to a first signaling unit located ahead in the travel direction of the vehicle. Furthermore, the vehicle guidance system is designed to operate the driving function in an automatic mode or in a manual mode at the first signaling unit depending upon the data relating to the first signaling unit, and in the automated longitudinal guidance of the vehicle the first signaling unit is taken into account automatically in the automatic mode, and in the manual mode only after confirmation by a user.

Abstract: A vehicle guidance system provides a driving function for automated longitudinal guidance of a vehicle. The vehicle guidance system is configured to determine that the vehicle is carrying out a driving-off process at a first signaling unit. Furthermore, the vehicle guidance system is configured to detect, on the basis of surroundings data, a second signaling unit subsequent to the first signaling unit, which second signaling unit is arranged ahead of the vehicle in the direction of travel on a roadway on which the vehicle is travelling. The vehicle guidance system is also configured to check whether or not one or more driving-off process conditions in relation to the driving-off process are met, and depending thereon, the second signaling unit is configured to consider, during automated longitudinal guidance of the vehicle, whether or not the one or more driving-off process conditions are met.

Abstract: A vehicle guidance system provides a driving function for automated longitudinal guidance of a vehicle. The vehicle guidance system is configured to detect, based on surroundings data, a first signaling unit, which is arranged ahead of the vehicle in the direction of travel on a roadway on which the vehicle is travelling. The vehicle guidance system is also configured to determine stop information in relation to an expected stopping duration of the vehicle at the first signaling unit and/or in relation to the type of the first signaling unit, and to effect an automated delay of the vehicle at the first signaling unit depending on the stop information.