Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a PD fluid pump, a disinfection loop including the PD fluid pump, the disinfection loop including PD fluid used for disinfecting the disinfection loop, and an acid solution source positioned and arranged to supply an acid solution to the disinfection loop during disinfection using the PD fluid. The disinfection loop includes an airtrap and a pressure sensor positioned and arranged to sense PD fluid pressure during disinfection, the pressure sensor outputting to a control unit, the control unit configured to open at least one gas valve located along at least one gas line leading to an upper portion of the airtrap when the PD fluid pressure reaches or exceeds a threshold PD fluid pressure due to gas formation caused by mixing the acid solution with the PD fluid.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a plurality of PD fluid components, a reusable PD fluid line selectively fluidly communicating with the PD fluid components, a source of PD fluid selectively fluidly communicating with the reusable PD fluid line, a source of anti-scaling fluid selectively fluidly communicating with the reusable PD fluid line, and a control unit configured to (i) operate the plurality of PD fluid components during treatment using PD fluid from the source heated to a treatment temperature, and (ii) circulate unused PD fluid heated to a disinfection temperature in combination with anti-scaling fluid from the source of anti-scaling fluid after treatment for disinfecting the plurality of PD fluid components and the reusable PD fluid line, the anti-scaling fluid provided in an amount configured to lower the pH of the unused PD fluid to a level below which precipitates are formed and above which the pH causes disinfection.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a plurality of PD fluid components, a reusable PD fluid line selectively fluidly communicating with the PD fluid components, a source of PD fluid selectively fluidly communicating with the reusable PD fluid line, a source of anti-scaling fluid selectively fluidly communicating with the reusable PD fluid line, and a control unit configured to (i) operate the plurality of PD fluid components during treatment using PD fluid from the source heated to a treatment temperature, and (ii) circulate unused PD fluid heated to a disinfection temperature in combination with anti-scaling fluid from the source of anti-scaling fluid after treatment for disinfecting the plurality of PD fluid components and the reusable PD fluid line, the anti-scaling fluid provided in an amount configured to lower the pH of the unused PD fluid to a level below which precipitates are formed and above which the pH causes disinfection.

Abstract: A system for producing dialysis fluid comprises: a forward osmosis, FO, unit comprising a feed side and a draw side separated by an FO membrane, a first subsystem for providing spent fluid to the feed side, a second fluid sub-system for providing a concentrate fluid to the draw side, and a third sub-system for receiving a diluted concentrate fluid from the draw side and processing the diluted concentrate fluid into a final dialysis fluid. A water supply unit is configured to extract liquid water from ambient air. The water supply unit is fluidly connected to provide process water, which includes the extracted liquid water, to at least one of (i) the first fluid sub-system for combination with the spent fluid, (ii) the second fluid subsystem for admixing into the concentrate fluid, or (iii) the third sub-system.

Abstract: A system and method for diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurement includes performing a diffusion encoding sequence that comprises a diffusion encoding time-dependent magnetic field gradient g(t) with non-zero components gl(t) along two orthogonal directions (y, z), and a b-tensor having at least two non-zero eigenvalues. The gradient g(t) comprises a first and second encoding block. An n-th order gradient moment magnitude along direction l?(y,z) is given by |Mnl(t)|=?0tgl(t?)t?ndt?|, and the first encoding block is adapted to yield, at an end of the first encoding block, along y, |Mny(t)|?Tn for each 0?n?m, where Tn is a predetermined n-th order threshold, and, along z, |Mnz(t)|?Tn for each 0? n? m?1 and |Mnz(t)|>Tn for n=m. The second encoding block is adapted to yield, at an end of the second encoding block, along each one of l?(y,z): |Mnl(t)|?Tn for each 0?n? m, wherein m is an integer order equal to or greater than 1.

Abstract: A water purification module includes a fluid path and a control unit. The flow path includes a cationic resin cartridge, an anionic resin cartridge in fluid communication with the cationic resin cartridge, and at least one bypass fluid path arranged to bypass one of the cationic resin cartridge and the anionic resin cartridge, while allowing water to flow to the other of the cationic resin cartridge and the anionic resin cartridge. The flow path also includes a valve arrangement comprising one or more valves configured to selectively direct water to the at least one bypass fluid path. The control unit is configured to control the valve arrangement to direct water to the at least one bypass fluid path based on a production mode of the water purification module.

Abstract: A water purification apparatus capable of being cleaned at a point of care and methods for cleaning the water purification apparatus at the point of care are disclosed herein. The water purification apparatus and the methods provide an efficient use of a heater for heat disinfection the water purification apparatus. The water purification apparatus and the methods provide heat disinfection by recirculating heated fluid to further heat the fluid. Several different cleaning programs are provided that may be utilized for cleaning different parts of the water purification apparatus.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the present inventive concept, there is provided a method for performing a diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurement on a sample, the method comprising: operating a magnetic resonance scanner to apply a diffusion encoding sequence to the sample; and operating the magnetic resonance scanner to acquire from the sample one or more echo signals; wherein the diffusion encoding sequence comprises a diffusion encoding time-dependent magnetic field gradient g(t) with non-zero components gl(t) along at least two orthogonal directions y and z, and a b-tensor having at least two non-zero eigenvalues, the magnetic field gradient comprising a first and subsequent second encoding block, wherein an n-th order gradient moment magnitude along direction l?(y, z) is given by |Mnl(t)|=|?0tgl(t?)t?ndt?|, and the first encoding block is adapted to yield, at an end of the first encoding block: along said direction y, |Mny(t)|?Tn for each 0?n?m, where Tn is a predetermined n-th order thresh

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a PD fluid pump, a disinfection loop including the PD fluid pump, the disinfection loop including PD fluid used for disinfecting the disinfection loop, and an acid solution source positioned and arranged to supply an acid solution to the disinfection loop during disinfection using the PD fluid. The disinfection loop includes an airtrap and a pressure sensor positioned and arranged to sense PD fluid pressure during disinfection, the pressure sensor outputting to a control unit, the control unit configured to open at least one gas valve located along at least one gas line leading to an upper portion of the airtrap when the PD fluid pressure reaches or exceeds a threshold PD fluid pressure due to gas formation caused by mixing the acid solution with the PD fluid.

Abstract: Inventive technology is directed to diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurements. In an embodiment, a method for performing a diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurement on a sample includes operating a magnetic resonance scanner to apply a diffusion encoding sequence to the sample. The method also includes operating the magnetic resonance scanner to acquire from the sample one or more echo signals. The diffusion encoding sequence includes a diffusion encoding time-dependent magnetic field gradient g(t) with non-zero components gl(t) along at least two orthogonal directions y and z, and a b-tensor having at least two non-zero eigenvalues, the magnetic field gradient comprising a first and subsequent second encoding block.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a plurality of PD fluid components, a reusable PD fluid line selectively fluidly communicating with the PD fluid components, a source of PD fluid selectively fluidly communicating with the reusable PD fluid line, a source of anti-scaling fluid selectively fluidly communicating with the reusable PD fluid line, and a control unit configured to (i) operate the plurality of PD fluid components during treatment using PD fluid from the source heated to a treatment temperature, and (ii) circulate unused PD fluid heated to a disinfection temperature in combination with anti-scaling fluid from the source of anti-scaling fluid after treatment for disinfecting the plurality of PD fluid components and the reusable PD fluid line, the anti-scaling fluid provided in an amount configured to lower the pH of the unused PD fluid to a level below which precipitates are formed and above which the pH causes disinfection.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for generating a time-dependent magnetic field gradient in diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging G(t)=[Gx(t)Gy(t)Gz(t)]T, which is asymmetric in time with respect to a refocusing pulse, by meeting one or more of the requirements: A=?0TEh(t)G(t)G(t)Tdt is zero, where TE is an echo time and h(t) is a function of time which is positive during an interval prior to the refocusing pulse and negative during a time interval after the refocusing pulse); minimize A or m=(Tr[AA])1/2 where A=?P1G(t)G(t)Tdt??P2G(t)G(t)Tdt where P1 and P2 represent time intervals prior to and subsequent to the refocusing pulse; m is smaller than a threshold value. an attenuation factor AF p = exp ? ( - t T ? 2 * ) due to T2* relaxation is one. Signal attenuation due to concomitant field gradients, regardless of the shape or orientation of the diffusion encoding b-tensor and the location of signal is hereby minimized.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the present inventive concept, there is provided a method for performing a diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurement on a sample, the method comprising: operating a magnetic resonance scanner to apply a diffusion encoding sequence to the sample; and operating the magnetic resonance scanner to acquire from the sample one or more echo signals; wherein the diffusion encoding sequence comprises a diffusion encoding time-dependent magnetic field gradient g(t) with non-zero components gl(t) along at least two orthogonal directions y and z, and a b-tensor having at least two non-zero eigenvalues, the magnetic field gradient comprising a first and subsequent second encoding block, wherein an n-th order gradient moment magnitude along direction l ? (y, z) is given by Mnl(t)|=|?0tgl(t?)t?n dt?| and the first encoding block is adapted to yield, at an end of the first encoding block: along said direction y, |Mny(t)|?Tn for each 0?n?m, where Tn is a predetermined n-th order threshold

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided a method of performing diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurements on a sample, the method comprising: performing a plurality of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurements on the sample, wherein said plurality of measurements includes: a first measurement with a first diffusion encoding sequence having a tensor representation with three non-zero eigenvalues, a second measurement with a second diffusion encoding sequence, and a third measurement with a third diffusion encoding sequence, wherein the second and the third diffusion encoding sequence have different spectral content.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided a method of performing diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurements on a sample, the method includes performing diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurements on the sample, where the measurements include a first measurement with a first diffusion encoding sequence having a first diffusion weighting tensor representation B1 with at least two non-zero eigenvalues and a second measurement with a second diffusion encoding sequence having a second diffusion weighting tensor representation B2 with at least two non-zero eigenvalues.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided a method for diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging, comprising: generating by a gradient coil of a magnetic resonance imaging scanner a time-dependent magnetic field gradient G(t)=[Gx(t)Gy(t)Gz(t)]T, wherein the gradient G is asymmetric in time with respect to a refocusing pulse and wherein the gradient G is such that A=?0TEh(t)G(t)G(t)Tdt is zero, where TE is an echo time and h(t) is a function of time which is positive during an interval prior to the refocusing pulse and negative during a time interval after the refocusing pulse.

Abstract: A method for MRI includes performing an MRI experiment on a material to acquire an echo attenuation data set using a gradient modulation scheme comprising 1D diffusion encoding and to acquire an echo attenuation data set using a gradient modulation scheme comprising 2D diffusion encoding, determining respective first-order deviations ?2 from mono-exponential decay in said echo attenuation data sets, and generating MRI parameter maps or MR image contrast based on said first-order deviations ?2.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided a method of performing diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurements on a sample, the method comprising: performing a plurality of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurements on the sample, wherein said plurality of measurements includes: a first measurement with a first diffusion encoding sequence having a tensor representation with three non-zero eigenvalues, a second measurement with a second diffusion encoding sequence, and a third measurement with a third diffusion encoding sequence, wherein the second and the third diffusion encoding sequence have different spectral content.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided a method of performing diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurements on a sample, the method comprising: performing diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurements on the sample, wherein said measurements includes: a first measurement with a first diffusion encoding sequence having a first diffusion weighting tensor representation B1 with at least two non-zero eigenvalues, a second measurement with a second diffusion encoding sequence having a second diffusion weighting tensor representation Bz with at least two non-zero eigenvalues, wherein the first tensor representation B1 and the second tensor representation Bz have a same number of non-zero eigenvalues, the eigenvalues of the first tensor representation B1 matching the eigenvalues of the second tensor representation Bz, and wherein the first and the second diffusion encoding sequences are configured to present a matching average spectral content, and to present a diff

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided a method of performing diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurements on a sample, the method includes performing diffusion weighted magnetic resonance measurements on the sample, where the measurements include a first measurement with a first diffusion encoding sequence having a first diffusion weighting tensor representation B1 with at least two non-zero eigenvalues and a second measurement with a second diffusion encoding sequence having a second diffusion weighting tensor representation B2 with at least two non-zero eigenvalues.