Abstract: An enzymatically catalyzed method for producing L-glufosinate or a phosphoester of L-glufosinate can be performed. An activated L-homoserine HA is reacted with a substrate S selected from methylphosphinic acid and the esters of methylphosphinic acid. The method makes accessible new substrates in the enzymatic production of L-glufosinate and its phosphoesters.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an alkyl, including a) contacting the alkyl with an aqueous solution comprising a microorganism where the microorganism has a reduced fatty acid degradation capacity compared to its wild type, wherein the fatty acid degradation capacity is reduced by deletion, inhibition or inactivation of a gene encoding an enzyme involved in the ?-oxidation pathway; and the microorganism expresses a recombinant alkane oxidase, and b) contacting the aqueous solution from a) with a water-immiscible organic solvent.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing at least one omega-hydroxyl fatty acid, the method comprising: (a) contacting at least one alkane with at least one recombinant yeast cell in an aqueous medium, wherein the yeast cell is capable of oxidising the alkane to the corresponding omega-hydroxyl fatty acid and the yeast cell comprises a reduced fatty acid degradation capacity.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an alkyl, including a) contacting the alkyl with an aqueous solution comprising a microorganism where the microorganism has a reduced fatty acid degradation capacity compared to its wild type, wherein the fatty acid degradation capacity is reduced by deletion, inhibition or inactivation of a gene encoding an enzyme involved in the ?-oxidation pathway; and the microorganism expresses a recombinant alkane oxidase, and b) contacting the aqueous solution from a) with a water-immiscible organic solvent.

Abstract: There is provided a gene cassette for disruption of at least one target gene in a yeast cell, wherein the gene cassette comprises: (d) a URA3 gene capable of being used as a marker gene; (e) at least one gene disruption auxiliary (gda) sequence; and (f) an upstream and a downstream sequences of the target gene, wherein the gda sequence is at least 300 to 600 bp in length and selected from within the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:39.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cell which has been genetically modified so as to be capable of producing more 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid or more polyhydroxyalkanoates containing 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid monomer units than its wild type, characterized in that 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates containing 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid monomer units are produced via acetoacetyl-coenzyme A as intermediate and 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A as precursor.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for removing an organic compound having one or more positive charges from an aqueous solution, comprising the steps a) provision of the aqueous solution comprising the organic compound and of a hydrophobic organic solution which comprises a liquid cation exchanger, where the liquid cation exchanger is hydrophobic, and where the liquid cation exchanger has one or more negative charges and an overall negative charge, b) contacting the aqueous solution and the organic solution, and c) separating off the organic solution from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: There is provided amicrobial cell which is capable of producing acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and/or 3-hydroxybutyrate variants, wherein the cell is genetically modified to comprise an increased expression relative to its wild type cell of: an enzyme E1 capable of catalysing the conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA; an enzyme E2 capable of catalysing the conversion of acetoacetyl-CoA to acetoacetate; and an enzyme E3 capable of catalysing the conversion of acetoacetate to 3-hydroxybutyrate and/or variants thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing an organic compound from an aqueous solution, comprising the steps of providing the aqueous solution which contains the organic compound, and a hydrophobic organic solution, where the latter comprises a liquid hydrophobic cation exchanger, contacting the aqueous solution and the hydrophobic organic solution, and separating off the hydrophobic organic solution from the aqueous solution, wherein the liquid hydrophobic cation exchanger is a saturated alkanoic acid having at least one alkyl substituent, where the organic compound is an organic compound having at least one positive charge and a neutral or positive total charge.

Abstract: A process for producing alanine, including culturing a cell under aerobic conditions in an aqueous phase in the presence of an inorganic nitrogen source, and then contacting the aqueous phase and the cell cultured in the aqueous phase with a hydrophobic organic phase. The cell is a prokaryotic or a lower eukaryotic cell and expresses a recombinant alanine dehydrogenase.

Abstract: A method including the steps a) providing a primary alcohol of the formula HO—(CH2)x—R1, where R1 is —OH, —SH, —NH2 or —COOR2; x is at least 3; and R2 is H, alkyl or aryl, b) oxidizing the primary alcohol by contacting it with an NAD(P)+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, and c) contacting the oxidation product of step a) with a transaminase, where the NAD(P)+-alcohol dehydrogenase and/or the transaminase is a recombinant or isolated enzyme. A whole cell catalyst for carrying out the method. The use of such a whole cell catalyst for oxidizing a primary alcohol.

Abstract: At least one fatty acid and/or derivative thereof is produced from a gas containing H2, CO2, and O2 by providing a genetically modified hydrogen oxidizing bacterium in an aqueous medium; and contacting the aqueous medium with the gas containing H2, CO2 and O2 in a weight ratio of 20 to 70 (H2): 10 to 45 (CO2): 5 to 35 (O2); wherein the fatty acid contains at least 5 carbon atoms and wherein the hydrogen oxidizing bacterium is genetically modified relative to the wild type bacterium to increase the expression of enzyme E1 that is capable of catalyzing the conversion of acetyl CoA to acyl ACP via malonyl coA and to increase the expression of enzyme E2 that is capable of catalyzing the conversion of Acyl ACP to the fatty acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing organic compositions comprising the method steps: A) providing an oxyhydrogen bacterium having an activity of an enzyme E1, which is increased by comparison with the wild type thereof and which can catalyse the conversion of 2 acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA and CoA, in an aqueous medium; B) bringing the aqueous medium into contact with a gas containing H2, CO2 and O2 in a weight ratio from 20-70 to 10-45 to 5-35 and optionally C) purifying the organic composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing an organic compound having one or more positive charges from an aqueous solution. Said method consists of the following steps a) the aqueous solution containing the organic compound, and a hydrophobic organic solution which contains a hydrophobic liquid cation exchanger having one or more negative charges and a negative total charge, are provided, b) the aqueous solution and the organic solution are brought into contact with each other and c) the organic solution is separated from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process for the improved separation of a hydrophobic organic solution from an aqueous culture medium is provided. The process includes preparing an aqueous culture medium of a metabolically active cell having a decreased activity; contacting of the aqueous culture medium with a hydrophobic organic solution comprising a substrate for biotransformation; conducting a biotransformation of the substrate; and separating the hydrophobic organic solution comprising a biotransformed substrate from the aqueous culture medium. The decreased activity of the metabolically active cell is in comparison to a wild-type of the active cell and the decreased activity is of at least of one enzyme that catalyzes one reaction of ?-oxidation of fatty acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of methacrylic acid or methacrylic esters, comprising the process steps of IA) preparation of 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid by a process comprising the process step of bringing a cell which has been genetically modified in comparison with its wild type in such a way that it is capable of forming more 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid in comparison with its wild type, into contact with a nutrient medium comprising, as carbon source, carbohydrates, glycerol, carbon dioxide, methanol, L-valine or L-glutamate under conditions under which 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid are formed from the carbon source, if appropriate, isolation of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid from the nutrient medium and also, if appropriate, neutralization of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, IB) dehydration of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid with formation of methacrylic acid and also, where

Abstract: The invention provides a biocatalytic process for oxidation of organic compounds with the aid of an alkL gene product, and microorganisms used in this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to genetically engineered Candida tropicalis cells, use thereof and a method of production of ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids and ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microorganism having a reduced fatty acid degradation capacity and expressing a recombinant alkane oxidase, a method for oxidizing an alkyl, comprising a contacting the alkyl with an aqueous solution comprising the inventive cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell which has been modified in comparison with its wild type in such a way that it is capable of forming more, by comparison with its wild, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid via methylmalonate-semialdehyde or 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A as precursors. The invention also relates to a method of generating a genetically modified cell, to the genetically modified cell obtainable by these methods, to a method of producing 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, to a method of producing methacrylic acid or methacrylic esters, and to a method of producing polymethacrylic acid or polymethacrylic esters. The present invention furthermore relates to an isolated DNA, to a vector, to the use of this vector for transforming a cell, to a transformed cell, and to a polypeptide.