Abstract: The invention relates to a method comprising the steps a) providing isobutyric acid, b) bringing isobutyric acid into contact with the combination of isobutyrate kinase and phosphotransisobutyrylase and/or isobutyryl-coenzyme A synthetase/ligase and/or isobutyrate-coenzyme A transferase, c) bringing the product from step a) into contact with isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, d) bringing the product from step b) into contact with methacrylyl-coenzyme A hydratase, and e) hydrolyzing the product from step d) to form 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, where at least one of the enzymes is used in the form of a cell which, compared to its wildtype, comprises a reduced activity of a 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid dehydrogenase or a variant thereof, a cell which has at least one enzyme from the group comprising isobutyryl-coenzyme A synthetase/ligase, isobutyrate-coenzyme A transferase, isobutyrate kinase, phosphotransisobutyrylase, isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, methacrylyl-coenzyme A hydratase and 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-coe

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing an organic compound from an aqueous solution, comprising the steps of providing the aqueous solution which contains the organic compound, and a hydrophobic organic solution, where the latter comprises a liquid hydrophobic cation exchanger, contacting the aqueous solution and the hydrophobic organic solution, and separating off the hydrophobic organic solution from the aqueous solution, wherein the liquid hydrophobic cation exchanger is a saturated alkanoic acid having at least one alkyl substituent, where the organic compound is an organic compound having at least one positive charge and a neutral or positive total charge.

Abstract: The invention relates to genetically engineered Candida tropicalis cells, use thereof and a method of production of ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids and ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters.

Abstract: The problem addressed by the invention is solved in a first aspect by a method for producing alanine or a compound produced using alanine, having the steps of (a) providing a cell which expresses a recombinant alanine dehydrogenase or a variant thereof, (b) cultivating the cell under aerobic conditions in the presence of an inorganic nitrogen source in an aqueous phase, and (c) bringing the cell into contact with an organic phase, said cell being a prokaryotic or a lower eukaryotic cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to genetically engineered Candida tropicalis cells, use thereof and a method of production of ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids and ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method comprising the steps a) providing a secondary alcohol, b) oxidizing the secondary alcohol by contacting it with an NAD(P)+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and c) contacting the oxidation product of step a) with a transaminase, wherein the NAD(P)+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and/or the transaminase is a recombinant or isolated enzyme, to a whole cell catalyst for carrying out the method, and to the use of such a whole cell catalyst for oxidizing a secondary alcohol.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a biotechnological process for the production of ?-functionalized carboxylic acids and of ?-functionalized carboxylate esters from simple carbon sources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method comprising the steps a) providing a primary alcohol of the formula HO—(CH2)x—R1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of —OH, —SH, —NH2 and —COOR2, x is at least 3 and R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl, b) oxidizing the primary alcohol by contacting it with an NAD(P)+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, and c) contacting the oxidation product of step a) with a transaminase, wherein the NAD(P)+-alcohol dehydrogenase and/or the transaminase is a recombinant or isolated enzyme, to a whole cell catalyst for carrying out the method, and to the use of such a whole cell catalyst for oxidizing a primary alcohol.

Abstract: Subject matter of the invention is a biotechnological process for the production of organic compounds with the aid of at least one alkL gene product.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for removing an organic compound having one or more positive charges from an aqueous solution, comprising the steps a) provision of the aqueous solution comprising the organic compound and of a hydrophobic organic solution which comprises a liquid cation exchanger, where the liquid cation exchanger is hydrophobic, and where the liquid cation exchanger has one or more negative charges and an overall negative charge, b) contacting the aqueous solution and the organic solution, and c) separating off the organic solution from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing an organic compound having one or more positive charges from an aqueous solution. Said method consists of the following steps a) the aqueous solution containing the organic compound, and a hydrophobic organic solution which contains a hydrophobic liquid cation exchanger having one or more negative charges and a negative total charge, are provided, b) the aqueous solution and the organic solution are brought into contact with each other and c) the organic solution is separated from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to genetically engineered Candida tropicalis cells, use thereof and a method of production of ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids and ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters.

Abstract: A process for the improved separation of a hydrophobic organic solution from an aqueous culture medium is provided. The process includes preparing an aqueous culture medium of a metabolically active cell having a decreased activity; contacting of the aqueous culture medium with a hydrophobic organic solution comprising a substrate for biotransformation; conducting a biotransformation of the substrate; and separating the hydrophobic organic solution comprising a biotransformed substrate from the aqueous culture medium. The decreased activity of the metabolically active cell is in comparison to a wild-type of the active cell and the decreased activity is of at least of one enzyme that catalyses one reaction of ?-oxidation of fatty acids.

Abstract: The invention provides a biocatalytic process for oxidation of organic compounds with the aid of an alkL gene product, and microorganisms used in this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cell which has been genetically modified so as to be capable of producing more 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid or more polyhydroxyalkanoates containing 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid monomer units than its wild type, characterized in that 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates containing 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid monomer units are produced via acetoacetyl-coenzyme A as intermediate and 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A as precursor.

Abstract: The invention relates to genetically engineered Candida tropicalis cells, use thereof and a method of production of ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids and ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of methacrylic acid or methacrylic esters, comprising the process steps of IA) preparation of 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid by a process comprising the process step of bringing a cell which has been genetically modified in comparison with its wild type in such a way that it is capable of forming more 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid in comparison with its wild type, into contact with a nutrient medium comprising, as carbon source, carbohydrates, glycerol, carbon dioxide, methanol, L-valine or L-glutamate under conditions under which 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid are formed from the carbon source, if appropriate, isolation of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid from the nutrient medium and also, if appropriate, neutralization of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, IB) dehydration of the 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid with formation of methacrylic acid and also, where

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isolated DNA, which is selected from the following sequences: a) a sequence according to SEQ ID No. 01, b) an intron-free sequence that is derived from a sequence according to a) and encodes the same protein or peptide as the sequence according to SEQ ID No. 01, c) a sequence that encodes a protein or peptide, which comprises the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID No. 02, d) a sequence that is at least 80% identical to a sequence according to a) to c), e) a sequence that hybridizes with the antisense strand of a sequence according to one of the groups a) to d) or would hybridize taking into account degeneration of the genetic code, f) a derivative of a sequence according to one of the groups a) to e) obtained by substitution, addition, inversion and/or deletion of one or more bases, g) a sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID No. 01 within the degeneration of the genetic code, h) a sequence with neutral sense mutations of SEQ ID No.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell which has been modified in comparison with its wild type in such a way that it is capable of forming more, by comparison with its wild, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or poly-hydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid via methylmalonate-semialdehyde or 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A as precursors. The invention also relates to a method of generating a genetically modified cell, to the genetically modified cell obtainable by these methods, to a method of producing 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, to a method of producing methacrylic acid or methacrylic esters, and to a method of producing polymethacrylic acid or polymethacrylic esters. The present invention furthermore relates to an isolated DNA, to a vector, to the use of this vector for transforming a cell, to a transformed cell, and to a polypeptide.