Abstract: Systems such as electronic device systems may be provided with components such as displays and cameras mounted in an interior region of a housing. A transparent layer may be mounted to the housing and may overlap the components. The transparent layer may have glass layers and polymer layers attached to the glass layers.

Abstract: A method for processing one or more substrates in a plasma processing chamber is provided. A plurality of cycles is provided, wherein each cycle comprises providing a pre-coat process, processing at least one substrate within the plasma processing chamber, and cleaning the plasma processing chamber. The providing the pre-coat process comprises one or more cycles of depositing a silicon containing pre-coat layer and depositing a carbon containing pre-coat layer.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing electrical properties of a semiconductor layer structure on a wafer with topside semiconductor layers on an insulating or semi-insulating substrate, the semiconductor layer structure including a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) heterostructure with a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at a heterointerface between the semiconductor layers of the heterostructure. The methods include: (a) physically contacting the topside of the wafer within a narrow border zone at an edge of the wafer with a flexible metal cantilever electrode of a contacting device, wherein the flexible metal cantilever electrode contacts one or more of the semiconductor layers exposed at the narrow border zone so that the flexible metal cantilever electrode is in electrical contact with the 2DEG; and (b) applying corona charge bias and measuring a surface voltage of the semiconductor layers using a non-contact probe while maintaining the electrical contact with the 2DEG.

Abstract: Methods of characterizing electrical properties of a semiconductor layer structure on a wafer with topside semiconductor layers on an insulating or semi-insulating substrate, the semiconductor layer structure including a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) heterostructure with a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at a heterointerface between the semiconductor layers of the heterostructure. The methods include: (a) physically contacting the topside of the wafer within a narrow border zone at an edge of the wafer with a flexible metal cantilever electrode of a contacting device, wherein the flexible metal cantilever electrode contacts one or more of the semiconductor layers exposed at the narrow border zone so that the flexible metal cantilever electrode is in electrical contact with the 2DEG; and (b) applying corona charge bias and measuring a surface voltage of the semiconductor layers using a non-contact probe while maintaining the electrical contact with the 2DEG.

Abstract: An example method of characterizing a semiconductor sample includes measuring an initial value, Vin, of a surface potential at a region of a surface of the semiconductor sample, biasing the semiconductor sample to have a target surface potential value (V0) of 2V or less, and depositing a monitored amount of corona charge (?Q1) on the region of the surface after adjusting the surface potential to the target value. The method also includes measuring a first value, V1, of the surface potential at the region after depositing the corona charge, determining the first change of surface potential (?V1=V1?V0), and determining the first capacitance value C1=?Q1/?V1, and characterizing the semiconductor sample based on V0, V1, ?V1, ?Q1 and C1.

Abstract: An example method of characterizing a semiconductor sample includes measuring an initial value, Vin, of a surface potential at a region of a surface of the semiconductor sample, biasing the semiconductor sample to have a target surface potential value (V0) of 2V or less, and depositing a monitored amount of corona charge (?Q1) on the region of the surface after adjusting the surface potential to the target value. The method also includes measuring a first value, V1, of the surface potential at the region after depositing the corona charge, determining the first change of surface potential (?V1=V1?V0), and determining the first capacitance value C1=?Q1/?V1, and characterizing the semiconductor sample based on V0, V1, ?V1, ?Q1 and C1.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide apparatus and methods for establishing a group communications session with selected ones of a plurality of communications devices that define a call group. The apparatus includes a dispatch module operable to receive event information and communication device information associated with each of the plurality of communications devices. The dispatch module is further operable to define the members of the call group based on a predetermined relationship between their respective device information and the event information. Additional embodiments include apparatus and methods for dispatching event information to such an ad hoc call group.

Abstract: A wireless telephone without IP capability nonetheless communicates with an infrastructure that uses IP. Virtual IP endpoints, such as Base Stations (BTS), not only communicate with the infrastructure using IP and with the telephone using over-the-air protocol, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), but one of the endpoints also selects the best frame over a call received by multiple endpoints, alleviating the need for a Base Station Controller (BSC) in the infrastructure. A handoff assist entity causes frame selection to be transferred to a second BTS in accordance with a handoff algorithm.

Abstract: Opportunistic transmission of voting and/or opinion data can occur from a user's mobile device to a server. The user can be presented a form to complete, where the form is designed to facilitate gathering of opinion information. Opinion data gathered from the form can be opportunistically transmitted to a server, where transmission commonly occurs when a supplemental transmission takes place. The transmission can be received by a server and a user that provided the opinion and/or voting information can be rewarded, such as through a monetary payment. The opinion and/or voting information can be extracted and retained in storage.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide apparatus and methods for establishing a group communications session with selected ones of a plurality of communications devices that define a call group. The apparatus includes a dispatch module operable to receive event information and communication device information associated with each of the plurality of communications devices. The dispatch module is further operable to define the members of the call group based on a predetermined relationship between their respective device information and the event information. Additional embodiments include apparatus and methods for dispatching event information to such an ad hoc call group.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for detecting concealed security threats by sampling molecules of substances for assessment wherein these molecules may be contained in the air in or near concealed security threats. Inspection of cargo containers by sampling the air contained therein and then analyzing the sampled air from the container for security threats including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-explosive threats without requiring the modification of the existing container, the movement of the container to a particular inspection site, and without opening the container. Nuclear security threats may also be scanned for with close proximity nuclear radiation detection sensors closely coupled to areas at or near the concealed security threats. In addition, detection of other types of contraband, including illegal substances, embargoed materials and human and/or animal stowaways may also be assessed.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for detecting concealed security threats by sampling molecules of substances for assessment wherein these molecules may be contained in the air in or near concealed security threats. Inspection of cargo containers by sampling the air contained therein and then analyzing the sampled air from the container for security threats including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-explosive threats without requiring the modification of the existing container, the movement of the container to a particular inspection site, and without opening the container. Nuclear security threats may also be scanned for with close proximity nuclear radiation detection sensors closely coupled to areas at or near the concealed security threats. In addition, detection of other types of contraband, including illegal substances, embargoed materials and human and/or animal stowaways may also be assessed.

Abstract: A system and method for accessing the security threat of a cargo container by sampling the air contained therein. The system is capable of analyzing the air disposed within the container for security threats including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high explosive threats, as well as other types of contraband such as illegal substances, embargoed material or stowaways, without requiring the modification of the existing container, the movement of the container to a particular inspection site, and without opening the container. The system generally includes a detection system comprising a detector array, an air-moving device, and one or more air-sampling devices. The entire system is mounted upon a vehicle for mobility.

Abstract: A system and method for accessing the security threat of a cargo container by sampling the air contained therein. The system is capable of analyzing the air disposed within the container for security threats including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high explosive threats, as well as other types of contraband such as illegal substances, embargoed material or stowaways, without requiring the modification of the existing container, the movement of the container to a particular inspection site, and without opening the container. The system generally includes a detection system comprising a detector array, an air-moving device, and one or more air-sampling devices. The entire system is mounted upon a vehicle for mobility.

Abstract: A wireless telephone without IP capability nonetheless communicates with an infrastructure that uses IP. Virtual IP endpoints, such as Base Stations (BTS), not only communicate with the infrastructure using IP and with the telephone using over-the-air protocol, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), but one of the endpoints also selects the best frame over a call received by multiple endpoints, alleviating the need for a Base Station Controller (BSC) in the infrastructure. A handoff assist entity causes frame selection to be transferred to a second BTS in accordance with a handoff algorithm.

Abstract: SILC characteristics and density of GOI defects of silicon wafers with thin dielectric films (e.g. SiO2) are determined using a non-contact method that does not require any test structures on the wafer. The method includes stressing a dielectric with a corona discharge and measuring the dielectric current-dielectric voltage (I-V) characteristics by monitoring under illumination the corona charge neutralization after stress. An I-V measurement done as function of corona fluence gives SILC characteristics of the wafer. The SILC characteristics are then compared at a constant dielectric field to provide a measure of GOI defect density. The I-V characteristic corresponding to low fluence that does not generate measurable SILC are used to determine a thickness of dielectric film.

Abstract: 1,5-Dimethyl-6,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane and 1,5-dimethyl-6,7-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]-oct-6-ene are synthesized. They are analogs of the western and southern pine beetle natural-pheromone, frontalin. They are useful for controlling the multiplication of these harmful insects and for limiting infestation of wooded areas by them.

Abstract: 1,5-Dimethyl-6,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane and 1,5-dimethyl-6,7-diazobicyclo[3.2.1]-oct-6-ene are synthesized. They are analogs of the western and southern pine beetle natural-pheromone, frontalin. They are useful for controlling the multiplication of these harmful insects and for limiting infestation of wooded areas by them.