Abstract: An eye sensor, system and method for measuring fixational eye movements of an individual's eyeball (e.g., ocular microtremors and microsaccades) to provide a variable voltage biosignal for measuring the individual's brain stem activity. The eye sensor comprises a sensor mounted on the individual's closed or opened eyelid so as to be deflected by the fixational eye movements of the eyeball. A shielded flexible ribbon assembly supplies the biosignal generated by the sensor to an amplifier located on the individual's skin where the biosignal is amplified. The amplifier is interconnected with a signal processor and a display by which graphical and numerical representations of the biosignal are made accessible to an anesthesiologist, intensivist or clinician. A method for analyzing the biosignal to determine the brainstem activity of a patient.

Abstract: An eye sensor, system and method for measuring fixational eye movements of an individual's eyeball (e.g., ocular microtremors and microsaccades) to provide a variable voltage biosignal for measuring the individual's brain stem activity. The eye sensor comprises a sensor mounted on the individual's closed or opened eyelid so as to be deflected by the fixational eye movements of the eyeball. A shielded flexible ribbon assembly supplies the biosignal generated by the sensor to an amplifier located on the individual's skin where the biosignal is amplified. The amplifier is interconnected with a signal processor and a display by which graphical and numerical representations of the biosignal are made accessible to an anesthesiologist, intensivist or clinician. A method for analyzing the biosignal to determine the brainstem activity of a patient.

Abstract: An eye sensor, system and method for measuring fixational eye movements of an individual's eyeball (e.g., ocular microtremors and microsaccades) to provide a variable voltage biosignal for measuring the individual's brainstem activity is provided. The eye sensor comprises a sensor mounted on the individual's closed or opened eyelid so as to be deflected by the fixational eye movements of the eyeball. A shielded flexible ribbon assembly supplies the biosignal generated by the sensor to an amplifier located on the individual's skin where the biosignal is amplified. The amplifier is interconnected with a signal processor and a display by which graphical and numerical representations of the biosignal are made accessible to an anesthesiologist, intensivist or clinician. A method for analyzing the biosignal to determine the brainstem activity of a patient is also provided.

Abstract: Methods of using botulinum toxin based pharmaceuticals are disclosed. The methods cause vasodilatation and decreased flow resistance of certain vascular beds for the purpose of increasing blood flow to a region in order to positively impact deterioration from a number of diseases.

Abstract: An eye sensor, system and method for measuring fixational eye movements of an individual's eyeball (e.g., ocular microtremors and microsaccades) to provide a variable voltage biosignal for measuring the individual's brain stem activity. The eye sensor comprises a sensor mounted on the individual's closed or opened eyelid so as to be deflected by the fixational eye movements of the eyeball. A shielded flexible ribbon assembly supplies the biosignal generated by the sensor to an amplifier located on the individual's skin where the biosignal is amplified. The amplifier is interconnected with a signal processor and a display by which graphical and numerical representations of the biosignal are made accessible to an anesthesiologist, intensivist or clinician. A method for analyzing the biosignal to determine the brainstem activity of a patient.

Abstract: An eye sensor, system and method for measuring fixational eye movements of an individual's eyeball (e.g., ocular microtremors and microsaccades) to provide a variable voltage biosignal for measuring the individual's brainstem activity is provided. The eye sensor comprises a sensor mounted on the individual's closed or opened eyelid so as to be deflected by the fixational eye movements of the eyeball. A shielded flexible ribbon assembly supplies the biosignal generated by the sensor to an amplifier located on the individual's skin where the biosignal is amplified. The amplifier is interconnected with a signal processor and a display by which graphical and numerical representations of the biosignal are made accessible to an anesthesiologist, intensivist or clinician. A method for analyzing the biosignal to determine the brainstem activity of a patient is also provided.

Abstract: An eye sensor, system and method for measuring fixational eye movements of an individual's eyeball (e.g., ocular microtremors and microsaccades) to provide a variable voltage biosignal for measuring the individual's brain stem activity. The eye sensor comprises a sensor mounted on the individual's closed or opened eyelid so as to be deflected by the fixational eye movements of the eyeball. A shielded flexible ribbon assembly supplies the biosignal generated by the sensor to an amplifier located on the individual's skin where the biosignal is amplified. The amplifier is interconnected with a signal processor and a display by which graphical and numerical representations of the biosignal are made accessible to an anesthesiologist, intensivist or clinician. A method for analyzing the biosignal to determine the brainstem activity of a patient.

Abstract: An ocular micro tremor (OMT) sensor, system and method for measuring micromovements of an individual's eyeball having an amplitude of 40 micrometers or less to provide a variable voltage biosignal for measuring the individual's brain stem activity. The OMT sensor includes a flexible piezo-active sensing element mounted at the individual's closed or opened eyelid so as to be deflected by the micromovements of the eyeball. A shielded flexible ribbon assembly supplies the biosignal generated by the piezo-active sensing element to an OMT amplifier located on the individual's skin where the biosignal is amplified. The OMT amplifier is interconnected with a signal processor and a display by which graphical and numerical representations of the biosignal are made accessible to an anesthesiologist, intensivist or clinician.

Abstract: An ocular micro tremor (OMT) sensor, system and method for measuring micromovements of an individual's eyeball having an amplitude of 40 micrometers or less to provide a variable voltage biosignal for measuring the individual's brain stem activity. The OMT sensor includes a flexible piezo-active sensing element mounted at the individual's closed or opened eyelid so as to be deflected by the micromovements of the eyeball. A shielded flexible ribbon assembly supplies the biosignal generated by the piezo-active sensing element to an OMT amplifier located on the individual's skin where the biosignal is amplified. The OMT amplifier is interconnected with a signal processor and a display by which graphical and numerical representations of the biosignal are made accessible to an anesthesiologist, intensivist or clinician.

Abstract: Methods of using botulinum toxin based pharmaceuticals are disclosed. The methods cause vasodilatation and decreased flow resistance of certain vascular beds for the purpose of increasing blood flow to a region in order to positively impact deterioration from a number of diseases.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating primary disorders of mood and affect, including depressive disorders, anxiety, and sleep disorders and CNS disorders comprising the administration of a neurotoxin.

Abstract: Methods of using botulinum toxin based pharmaceuticals are disclosed. The methods cause vasodilatation and decreased flow resistance of certain vascular beds for the purpose of increasing blood flow to a region in order to positively impact deterioration from a number of diseases.

Abstract: Devices, methods and kits are disclosed for preparing and administering less-painful formulations of Botulinum toxin. The devices, methods and kits of the present invention are comprised of or use an acidic formulation of Botulinum toxin, or, in certain embodiments, a freeze- or flash-dried composition of Botulinum toxin, having a long shelf-life which is subsequently mixed with an acid-neutralizing solution and, optionally a sequestration agent prior to administration to a patient in need thereof. The pH-neutralized formulation of Botulinum toxin is pharmaceutically acceptable for administration to a patient and is significantly less painful than acidic formulations of Botulinum toxin or formulations of Botulinum toxin having unnecessary antigens.

Abstract: Devices, methods and kits are disclosed for preparing and administering less-painful formulations of Botulinum toxin. The devices, methods and kits of the present invention are comprised of or use an acidic formulation of Botulinum toxin, or, in certain embodiments, a freeze- or flash-dried composition of Botulinum toxin, having a long shelf-life which is subsequently mixed with an acid-neutralizing solution and, optionally a sequestration agent prior to administration to a patient in need thereof. The pH-neutralized formulation of Botulinum toxin is pharmaceutically acceptable for administration to a patient and is significantly less painful than acidic formulations of Botulinum toxin or formulations of Botulinum toxin having unnecessary antigens.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of treating pain caused by neuralgia comprising administering botulinum toxin to an afflicted area of a patient. The pain may be caused by trigeminal neuralgia or be associated with dental extraction or reconstruction, and may be facial pain. The neuralgia may be associated with compressive forces on a sensory nerve, intrinsic nerve damage, demyelinating disease, a genetic disorder, a metabolic disorder, central neurologic vascular disease, or trauma. The present invention also includes a method of treating post-operative incisional wound pain comprising administering botulinum toxin to an afflicted area of a patient.