Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional, layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented. The crosslinking polymers, themselves, may also be used as catalysts or as selective sorbents.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional, layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented. The crosslinked polymers, themselves, may also be used as catalysts or as selective sorbents.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional, layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented. The crosslinked polymers, themselves, may also be used as catalysts or as selective sorbents.

Abstract: This invention provides a multilayered structure comprising a substrate layer secured to a layer comprising a composite of a polymer and a particulate, layered compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the general formula M(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.n wherein M is selected from the group consisting of tetravalent metal ions selected from the group consisting of Zr, Te, Pr, Mn, W, Sn, Pb, Ir, U, Si, Os, Hf, Ti, Ru, Nb, Ge, Th, Pu, V, Mo, Ce and mixtures thereof; Z is an atom selected from the group consisting of members of Group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements, having an atomic weight of at least 30; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and organic radicals; n may equal 1 or 2, except that n is 1 when R is terminated by a tri- or tetra-oxy pentavalent atom and x varies from 0 to 1.

Abstract: A composition of matter including a polymer sensitized to the heating effects of microwave energy which comprises said polymer and a microwave sensitizing amount of a particulate, layered compound comprising a tetravalent atom and a pentavalent atom, selected from the group consisting of elements of Group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and having an atomic weight of greater than 30, dispersed throughout said polymer.

Abstract: Solid inorganic polymers are derivatives of phosphorous or phosphonic acids which contain cyclic organo groups selected from the group consisting of alicyclics, aromatics and heterocyclics. They are characterized by the structural linkage of three oxygens bonded to phosphorus to one or more tetravalent metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, cerium, hafnium, lead, thorium and uranium. The molar ratio of phosphorus to tetravalent metal is about 2 to 1. One use for the polymers is as stationary phases or supports in chromatography.

Abstract: A process for the production of phosphorus-containing organo substituted inorganic polymers comprises reacting at least one organophosphorous or organophosphoric acid compound of the formula[(HO).sub.2 OP].sub.n R or [(HO).sub.2 OPO].sub.n Rwherein n is 1 or 2 and R is an organo group covalently coupled to phosphorus with at least one tetravalent metal ion to precipitate a solid inorganic polymer in which the molar ratio of phosphorus to tetravalent metal is about 2 to 1 and in which the organo group is covalently bonded to phosphorus and phosphorus is linked to the tetravalent metal through oxygen.

Abstract: Layered solid inorganic polymers having at least one organo group anchored to a surface of the polymer, and which can be useful in catalysis, lubrication, ion-exchange, chromatography and absorption processes, can be made by reacting at least one tetravalent metal (e.g., zirconium, cerium, thorium, uranium, lead, hafnium, titanium, etc.) and two or more acids selected from phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid and organophosphorus acids of the formula ((HO).sub.2 OP).sub.n R wherein n is 1 or 2 and R is an organo group covalently bonded to the phosphorus atom. Preferably the reaction is conducted with a stoichiometric excess of phosphorus acids in a liquid medium in which a compound of the metal is soluble. The covalent bonding can be through oxygen to produce phosphates, or through carbon to produce phosphonates.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing the nitrogen content of hydrocarbon liquids. The method comprises contacting the hydrocarbon liquid with a solid metal salt capable of selectively extracting nitrogen-containing compounds from the hydrocarbon liquid to thereby form a nitrogen-rich solid extract. Nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon liquid is then separated from the solid extract. The solid extract is washed with a solvent capable of selectively dissolving non-nitrogen-containing compounds entrained in the solid extract. The solid extract is then treated with a release agent for selectively dissolving nitrogen-containing compounds to thereby recover the metal salt. The presently preferred metal salt is cupric chloride.

Abstract: A process for the production of phosphorus-containing organo-substituted solid inorganic polymers containing oxygen bonded to carbon comprising reacting in a liquid medium (e.g. water) at least one tetravalent metal ion and at least one organophosphorus acid of the formula;[(HO).sub.2 OP].sub.n R or [(HO).sub.2 OPO].sub.n Rwherein n is 1 or 2 and R is an organo group covalently coupled to phosphorus, and which also contains oxygen coupled to carbon but not to phosphorus, and wherein when n is 2, R contains at least two carbon atoms and is directly or indirectly coupled to the phosphorus atoms through different carbon atoms whereby the two phosphorus atoms are separated by at least two carbon atoms.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a novel hydroformylation catalyst comprising a composite of rhodium metal or a rhodium metal compound and a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the general formulaM(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.nwherein M comprises a tetravalent metal, Z comprises a pentavalent atom, R is selected from the group consisting of organo radicals comprising a moiety selected from the group consisting of phosphine radicals; x is 0 or 1, and n is 2, provided that n is 1 when R is terminated with a tri- or tetra-oxy pentavalent atom. This catalyst is useful in hydroformylation processes which comprise contacting said catalyst with an olefin, at conditions sufficient to convert said olefin into an aldehyde or an alcohol. For example, 1-hexene may be hydroformylated to a mixture comprising heptylaldehyde isomers and propylene may be hydroformylated to n-butyraldehyde by means of a hydroformylation catalyst comprising a composite RhCl(CO)(PC.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.2 and Zr(O.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a novel hydrogenation catalyst comprising a composite of a Group VIII metal or Group VIII metal compound and a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the general formulaM(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.nwherein M comprises a tetravalent metal, Z comprises a pentavalent atom, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, organo radicals and mixtures thereof provided that at least a portion of said radicals comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, allyl, anthranilic acid radicals and mixtures thereof; x is 0 or 1, and n is 2, provided that n is 1 when R is terminated with a tri- or tetra-oxy pentavalent atom. This catalyst is useful in hydrogenation processes which comprise contacting said catalyst with an unsaturated compound, said unsaturated compound comprising at least one unsaturated bond, e.g., a carbon-carbon bond, a carbon-nitrogen bond, a carbon-oxygen bond, or a nitrogen-oxygen bond, etc.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for removing tungsten, and/or molybdenum generally, as the tungstate and/or the molybdate anion, from aqueous solutions, e.g. brines by contacting such solutions with a high-surface area oxide selected from the group consisting of manganese and iron oxides, preferably manganese or iron hydrous oxide, whereby tungsten or molybdenum is adsorbed on said high-surface area oxide. The instant process provides selectivity for tungsten as well as molybdenum even though they are present in solutions containing various other materials such as sodium, potassium, calcium, etc. ions. This process is preferably applicable to removal of tungsten from high pH brines such as a brine having a pH of at least 9, for example greater than 10. The oxide adsorbent may be regenerated by contacting with an aqueous solution having a pH higher than the brine from which the tungsten and/or the molybdenum has been removed.

Abstract: Layered organoarsenuous inorganic polymers are formed by reacting an organoarsenic acid with at least one tetravalent ion by reflux of the organoarsenic acid and the tetravalent ion in a liquid medium. There is formed a polymer in which the tetravalent metal has six coordinated bonds. The preferred tetravalent metal ions are zirconium, cerium, thorium, uranium, lead, hafnium, and titanium.

Abstract: Inorganic polymeric compounds which contain pendant organic functional groups are prepared by the reaction of an acid of the formula [(HO).sub.2 OZO.sub.x ].sub.k R, in which Z is a pentavalent atom, x is 0 or 1, k is 1 or 2, and R is a cyclic organo group, with a tetravalent metal ion. The polymeric compounds are insoluble in the reaction medium, exist in a layered crystalline to amorphous form, and have the formula M(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.n, in which M is the tetravalent metal and n is 1 or 2. One use for the polymeric compounds is as selective sorbents.

Abstract: In processes for the catalytic treatment of hydrocarbon feedstream containing organic sulfur comprising contacting said feedstream with a catalyst for a time at a temperature and pressure sufficient to effect the desired catalytic change on the feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered composition of the formula MX.sub.y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb and uranium, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof, y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3. The catalyst is prepared by reacting neat or in the presence of a nonaqueous solvent a Group IVb to VIIb or uranium metal salt, and a source of sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, and mixing the reactants at temperatures below 400.degree. C. and at atmospheric pressures.

Abstract: Novel compositions of matter are disclosed having the general formula UO.sub.2 AA'L.sub.n, in which A and A' are anions whose conjugate acids have boiling points less than about 200.degree. C. and pK.sub.a values of 4.8 or less, L is a neutral ligand (1) having a boiling point of greater than about 200.degree. C. and an equilibrium constant for its exchange reaction with complexed tetrahydrofuran of greater than about 10.sup.-3, or (2) having an equilibrium constant for its exchange reaction with complexed tetrahydrofuran of greater than about 10.sup.3, and n is an integer of from 1 to 4.

Abstract: A process for removing a species from a fluid which comprises (a) contacting said fluid with an emulsion, said emulsion having an external phase and an internal phase, said external phase being immiscible with said fluid and said species being permeable to said external phase; (b) permeating said species through said external phase into said internal phase; (c) converting said permeated species in said internal phase, into a species which is impermeable to said external phase; (d) separating said emulsion from said fluid; (e) converting the impermeable species of step (c) into a species which is permeable to said external phase by means of an oxidation-reduction reaction; and (f) permeating the permeable species of step (e) through said external phase. The instant process may be carried out in the reverse manner, i.e. the fluid including the species to be removed can be the internal phase of an emulsion or foam and thus permeate through the external phase.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for removing a species from a fluid which comprises (a) contacting said fluid with a hollow microcapsule, said microcapsule having a wall surrounding an internal void, said wall being substantially insoluble in said fluid and said species being permeable to said wall; (b) permeating said species through said wall into said void; (c) converting said permeated species, in said void into a species which is impermeable to said wall; (d) separating said microcapsule from said fluid; (e) converting the impermeable species of step (c) into a species which is permeable to said wall; and (f) permeating the permeable species of step (e) through said wall. Preferably said void contains a reagent which together with said permeated species form a reversible oxidation-reduction couple. In the instant preferred embodiment said permeated species is converted into an impermeable species by means of said oxidation-reduction reaction to trap said impermeable species in said void.