Abstract: Production of urethane foams of increased fire resistance by mixing an ethylenic, e.g. allyl or vinyl, phosphorus compound with a polyol and polymerizing the polyol with polyisocyanate while simultaneously polymerizing the ethylenic phosphorus compound with a suitable catalyst to form an interpenetrating network of urethane polymer and phosphorus-containing polymer.

Abstract: Decomposiing polyurethane foams by treating such polyurethane materials with ammonia or ammonium hydroxide, preferably in the presence of a suitable organic solvent such as a glycol or polyol, or the decomposition product of a polyurethane. Treatment of the polyurethane material with ammonia or ammonium hydroxide, particularly in combination with such solvent, is carried out preferably at elevated temperature, and results in decomposition of the polyurethane. The resulting reaction product containing polyol fragments from such decomposition or depolymerization, can be incorporated with fresh polyurethane reactants, including polyisocyanate, or polyol and polyisocyanate, to produce new urethane polymer, thus permitting recovery and re-use of otherwise useless scrap polyurethane materials.

Abstract: A polybenzimidazole having a polymer chain with the following repeating unit: ##STR1## R.sub.2 is a divalent carbon ring with the linkage to an adjacent repeating unit through adjacent carbon atoms of the ring. Such polybenzimidazoles are formed by the condensation of (a) a substitute carbon ring compound, having at least one dicarboxylic anhydride or its equivalent substituted at adjacent carbon atoms and (b) an organic tetraamine of the following formula: ##STR2## Polybenzimidazoles of the foregoing type may be formed by the use of a tetracarboxylic dianhydride in the condensation reaction. These cross-linked polymers are characterized by minimal softening or burning at high temperature.

Abstract: Decomposing polyurethane foams and converting the depolymerized reaction product containing amines, both aromatic and aliphatic, into polyols suitable for reaction with polyisocyanate to produce fresh polyurethane foam, by first reacting polyurethane foam with ammonia or an amine such as diethylene triamine or ethanolamine, or with a polyol such as polypropylene glycol, and reacting the resulting decomposition product containing a mixture of polyols, ureas, and amines, which can include primary and secondary amines, with an alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, at elevated temperature, preferably about 120.degree. to about 140.degree. C., in an autoclave under autogenous pressure, to convert such amines to polyols.

Abstract: A functional fluid composition consisting essentially of (1) a phosphorus compound, preferably a phosphate ester containing at least two alkyl groups such as tributyl phosphate or di-n-butyl phenyl phosphate, alone or particularly in combination with a phosphate ester containing at least two aromatic groups, such as n-butyl diphenyl phosphate or tricresyl phosphate, (2) a polyalkylene glycol material, e.g. a polypropylene glycol ether having a molecular weight ranging from about 600 to about 1200, and particularly a combination of at least two polyalkylene glycol materials, e.g. two polypropylene glycol ethers having substantially different molecular weights, and (3) a small amount of certain halogenated organic selenides or tellurides, preferably a chlorinated aryl selenide such as 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl diselenide, or a chlorinated selenophene or a chlorinated tellurophene, e.g. tetrachloroselenophene or tetrachlorotellurophene.

Abstract: A functional fluid composition consisting essentially of (1) a phosphorus compound, preferably a phosphate ester containing at least two alkyl groups such as tributyl phosphate or di-n-butyl phenyl phosphate, alone or particularly in combination with a phosphate ester containing at least two aromatic groups, such as n-butyl diphenyl phosphate or tricresyl phosphate, (2) a polyalkylene glycol material, e.g. a polypropylene glycol ether having a molecular weight ranging from about 600 to about 1200, and particularly a combination of at least two polyalkylene glycol materials, e.g. two polypropylene glycol ethers having substantially different molecular weights, (3) a dicarboxylic acid ester, e.g. a diester of adipic acid such as diisodecyl adipate, and (4) a small amount of certain halogenated organic selenides or tellurides, preferably a chlorinated aryl selenide such as 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl diselenide, or a chlorinated selenophene or a chlorinated tellurophene, e.g.

Abstract: A functional fluid composition consisting essentially of (1) a phosphate ester containing at least two alkyl groups such as tributyl phosphate or dibutyl phenyl phosphate, in combination with a phosphate ester containing at least two aromatic groups, such as n-butyl diphenyl phosphate or tricresyl phosphate, (2) a combination of at least two polyalkylene glycol materials, e.g. two polypropylene glycol ethers having substantially different molecular weights, and (3) a small amount of an epoxide, in the form of an ester or polyester of 4,5-epoxy-1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, e.g., poly(ethylene-.DELTA..sup.4 -epoxy tetrahydrophthalate), such epoxide preventing acid build-up in the fluid, and preventing undesirable deposits particularly when such fluid is employed as an aircraft hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: A functional fluid composition consisting essentially of (1) a phosphate ester containing at least two alkyl groups such as tributyl phosphate or dibutyl phenyl phosphate, in combination with a phosphate ester containing at least two aromatic groups, such as n-butyl diphenyl phosphate or tricresyl phosphate, (2) a combination of at least two polyalkylene glycol materials, e.g. two polypropylene glycol ethers having substantially different molecular weights, and (3) a small amount of a mono or poly epoxide, e.g. an alkyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate or a 3,4-epoxycycloalkyl, 3,4-epoxycycloalkyl carboxylate, such epoxides preventing acid build-up in the fluid, and preventing undesirable deposits particularly when such fluid is employed as an aircraft hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: Novel epoxides in the form of esters or polyesters of 4,5-epoxy-1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, and functional fluid compositions containing said epoxides, such functional fluids consisting essentially of (1) a phosphate ester, e.g., dibutyl phenyl phosphate, or an amide of an acid of phosphorus, (2) a viscosity index improver, e.g., a polyglycol or polyglycol ether, or polyacrylate or polymethacrylate viscosity index improver, and (3) a small amount of the above novel epoxide, e.g., poly(ethylene-.DELTA..sup.4 -epoxy tetrahydrophthalate), such epoxide preventing acid build-up in the fluid, and preventing undesirable deposits particularly when such fluid is employed as an aircraft hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: Novel functional fluid compositions consisting essentially of (1) a phosphate ester, e.g. dibutyl phenyl phosphate, or an amide of an acid of phosphorus, (2) a polyglycol or polyglycol ether viscosity index improver, e.g. polypropylene glycol methyl ether of molecular weight about 3,000, and (3) a small amount of a polyepoxide, e.g. an epoxy novolac of high epoxide functionality, the combination of polyglycol or polyglycol ether viscosity index improver and polyepoxide preventing acid build-up in the fluid, and preventing excessive deposits particularly when such fluid is employed as an aircraft hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: A functional fluid composition consisting essentially of (1) a phosphorus compound, preferably a phosphate ester containing at least two alkyl groups such as tributyl phosphate or di-n-butyl phenyl phosphate, alone or particularly in combination with a phosphate ester containing at least two aromatic groups, such as n-butyl diphenyl phosphate or tricresyl phosphate, and (2) a polyalkylene glycol material, e. g. a polypropylene glycol ether having a molecular weight ranging from about 600 to about 1200, and particularly a combination of at least two polyalkylene glycol materials, e.g. two polypropylene glycol ethers having substantially different molecular weights.