Abstract: A method of pre-processing a sequence of video picture data comprising I pictures, P pictures and B pictures, where the pictures are arranged as a plurality of Group Of Pictures (GOP) and each of the Group Of Pictures has a first picture and a plurality of Sub Group of Pictures (Sub-GOP). The method uses an analysis of the sequence of video picture data to determine a position of a scene change relative to a position of a start of a new GOP within the sequence of video picture data and then moves the start of the new GOP to coincide with the scene change by extending or decreasing a current GOP length according to whether the scene change and the start of a new GOP are within a predetermined number of pictures of each other. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a tracking method for a voltage transformer, in particular an inverter, of a photovoltaic system. In the method, an intermediate circuit voltage is repeatedly decreased or increased in one direction to a lower or higher voltage by voltage steps of a specified magnitude. The method is characterized in that an average rate of change of the intermediate circuit voltage in a partial time period between two voltage steps is limited by a maximum average rate of change, the maximum average rate of change being defined according to the magnitude of the intermediate circuit voltage. The disclosure further relates to a tracking device designed to perform the tracking method and to an inverter equipped with the tracking device.

Abstract: There is provided a method of adapting a Quantization parameter of digitally encoded video, comprising calculating spatial activity values of macroblocks in a picture of interest, creating a histogram of the spatial activity values, determining a change of quantization parameter value for a low activity category ?QPLA from a skewness parameter of the histogram. There is also provided an apparatus for carrying out the method, and a computer readable product carrying instructions which when executed carry out the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of the formula (Ia) by reacting styrene with a secondary alkanol and the hydrogenation of the resulting phenyl-substituted tertiary alkanol. In addition, the invention relates to compounds of the formula (Ia) and to the use of such compounds as fragrances, and also to compositions which comprise compounds of the formulae (Ia) and (Ib).

Abstract: There is provided a method of detecting repeated pictures in a sequence of video picture data, each picture of said video picture data comprising a plurality of macroblocks, the method comprising performing hierarchical motion estimation on the video picture data to provide best motion vectors for each macroblock, best motion vector sum of absolute difference values for each macro block and zero motion vector sum of absolute difference values for each macroblock, wherein the hierarchical motion estimation includes a plurality of levels, and said best motion vectors, best motion vector sum of absolute difference values and zero motion vector sum of absolute difference values for each macroblock are provided for at least a top level, providing a noise threshold value based upon the zero motion vector sum of absolute difference values from the top level of the hierarchical motion estimation, accumulating the best motion vector sum of absolute difference values for macroblocks having best motion vector sum of abs

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a type of picture encoding of a decompressed video signal by detecting periodic changes of high frequency content of individual fields of the video signal. The determination may be used in particular to align picture types in successive video compression systems in a video compression concatenation chain.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for hydrocarbon conversion in the presence of an acidic ionic liquid. The hydrocarbon conversion is preferably an isomerization, especially an isomerization of methylcyclopentane (MOP) to cyclohexane. Prior to the hydrocarbon conversion, a hydrogenation is performed, preference being given to hydrogenating benzene to cyclohexane. The cyclohexane obtained in the hydrogenation and/or isomerization is preferably isolated from the process. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogenation is followed and the hydrocarbon conversion, especially the isomerization, is preceded by distillative removal of low boilers, especially C5-C6-alkanes such as cyclopentane or isohexanes, from the hydrocarbon mixture used for hydrocarbon conversion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclohexane by isomerizing a hydrocarbon mixture (HM1) comprising methylcyclopentane (MCP) in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is preferably an acidic ionic liquid. The starting material used is a stream (S1) which originates from a steamcracking process. The hydrocarbon mixture (HM1) obtained from this stream (S1) in an apparatus for aromatics removal has a reduced aromatics content compared to stream (S1), and (HM1) may optionally also be (virtually) free of aromatics. Depending on the type and amount of the aromatics remaining in the hydrocarbon mixture (HM1), especially in the case that benzene is present, the isomerization may additionally be preceded by performance of a hydrogenation of (HM1). In addition, depending on the presence of other components of (HM1), further purification steps may optionally be performed prior to or after the isomerization or hydrogenation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclohexane from methylcyclopentane (MCP) and benzene. In the context of the present invention, MCP and benzene are constituents of a hydrocarbon mixture (HM1) additionally comprising dimethylpentanes (DMP), possibly cyclohexane and at least one compound (low boiler) selected from acyclic C5-C6-alkanes and cyclopentane. First of all, benzene is converted in a hydrogenation step to cyclohexane, while MCP is isomerized in the presence of a catalyst, preferably of an acidic ionic liquid, to cyclohexane. The hydrogenation is preceded by a prior removal of the dimethylpentanes (DMP), with initial removal of any cyclohexane present in the hydrocarbon mixture (HM1) together with DMP. This cyclohexane already present can be separated again from DMP in a downstream rectification step and recycled into the process for cyclohexane preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing at least one cyclohexanepolycarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof by bringing at least one corresponding benzenepolycarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof into contact with a hydrogen-comprising gas in the presence of at least one coated catalyst comprising an active metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum and mixes thereof, applied to a support material comprising silicon dioxide, where the pore volume of the support material is from 0.6 to 1.0 ml/g, determined by Hg porosimetry, the BET surface area is from 280 to 500 m2/g, at least 90% of the pores present have a diameter of from 6 to 12 nm, and from 40 to 70% by weight of the active metal, based on the total amount of the active metal, are present in the catalyst coating up to a penetration depth of 200 ?m, wherein the contacting is carried out at a superficial velocity of not more than 50 m/h.

Abstract: A method for preparing a phenylcyclohexane of formula I by hydrogenation of a biphenyl of formula II with hydrogen in the presence of Raney nickel, where R1 and R2 both have the same meaning in formulas I and II and independently of one another are hydrogen atoms, C1- to C10-alkyl groups or phenyl groups, wherein the hydrogenation takes place in the presence of 0 to 20 parts by weight of water to 100 parts by weight of Raney nickel.

Abstract: There is provided a method of statistically multiplexing a plurality of input video data streams into at least one output data stream having a pre-determined capacity, comprising providing a plurality of bit rate estimates at different quality levels for each input video data stream using a look-ahead encoder, summing together the bit rate estimates of the same quality level for all input video data streams, determining the picture quality of each input video data stream at which the summed bit rate estimates is equal to or less than the output data stream pre-determined capacity. There is also provided an apparatus and system for carrying out the method, and a computer readable product carrying instructions which when executed carry out the method.

Abstract: Eyewear including an optical functional member, control electronics, and a sealed electrical connective element connecting the electronics to the optical functional member. The connective element can directly connect the electronics to the optical functional member, or can connect through an intermediate contact, e.g., a plug-and-receptacle. The connective element can be routed from the electronics, around a rimlock of the eyewear to the optical functional member. The connective element can be a conductive compressible member, such as conductive rubber. In some embodiments, the connective element can be a multiconductor cable.

Abstract: Process for preparing 4-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-2-butanol The present invention relates to a process for preparing 4-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-2-butanol. The process comprises the following steps: a) reaction of styrene with isopropanol at elevated temperature to obtain 4-phenyl-2-methyl-2-butanol, and b) heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation of 4-phenyl-2-methyl-2-butanol over a catalyst suitable for ring hydrogenation of aromatics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 4-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-2-butanol. The process comprises the following steps: a) reaction of styrene with isopropanol at elevated temperature to obtain 4-phenyl-2-methyl-2-butanol, and b) heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation of 4-phenyl-2-methyl-2-butanol over a catalyst suitable for ring hydrogenation of aromatics.

Abstract: There is provided a method of processing video information, the method comprising encoding (430) received video information, the encoded video information having an encoded video bitrate (330), wherein the encoded video bitrate is variable in response to the complexity of the received video information. The method further comprises buffering (440) the encoded video information in a buffer (145), wherein the size of the buffer (145) is controlled in response to the complexity of the received video information.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compression coding of video signals. The invention may be applied in some embodiments to the compression coding of three dimensional television (3DTV) signals. The invention provides a method of coding of a video signal, in which the presence of at least a first image area and a second image area in a picture, in which the images in the first image area and in the second image area are substantially identical is determined. In response to a positive determination, picture information in one image area is compression coded without reference to picture information in another image area. The invention also provides a video coder for coding a video signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an eggshell catalyst comprising an active metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum and mixtures thereof, applied to a support material comprising silicon dioxide, wherein the pore volume of the support material is 0.6 to 1.0 ml/g, determined by Hg porosimetry, the BET surface area is 280 to 500 m2/g, and at least 90% of the pores present have a diameter of 6 to 12 nm, to a process for preparing this eggshell catalyst, to a process for hydrogenating an organic compound which comprises at least one hydrogenatable group using the eggshell catalyst, and to the use of the eggshell catalyst for hydrogenating an organic compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising 4% by weight of ruthenium (Ru) or more and a support material comprising silicon dioxide, wherein the nitrogen content of the catalyst after the last drying or calcination is in the range from 1 to 3% by weight, and also catalyst precursors thereof. The present patent application further relates to a process for producing an Ru-comprising catalyst, which comprises the steps impregnation, drying, calcination and reduction. In addition, the present patent application relates to a process for hydrogenating organic substances in the presence of catalysts of the invention or catalysts produced according to the invention, and also a process for producing downstream products from cycloaliphatic amines prepared according to the invention.

Abstract: An imaging system for the fluorescence-optical visualization of a two-dimensional or three-dimensional object is provided. The imaging system comprising an illumination unit, which is designed and provided for emitting optical radiation in a predetermined wavelength range in order to illuminate the object and excite a fluorescent substance contained in the object, and a capturing unit, which is designed and provided for capturing an optical signal from the region of the object and for splitting the optical signal into a fluorescence signal having a first wavelength range and a signal of visible light having a second wavelength range. The optical capturing unit has an optoelectronic converter having a plurality of partial regions and serving for converting the fluorescence signal into a first electronic data signal and the signal of visible light into a second electronic data signal.