Abstract: Degradation of the reflectivity of one or more reflective optical elements in a system for generating EUV radiation is reduced by the controlled introduction of a gas into a vacuum chamber containing the optical element. The gas may be added to the flow of another gas such as hydrogen or alternated with the introduction of hydrogen radicals.

Abstract: An ice-generating system (311), method and apparatus for preparing an ice-containing tea or coffee beverage, comprising a product conduit (330) formed as a loop for circulating there through a beverage liquor, a product pump (390) for pumping the beverage liquor around the loop of the product conduit and a cooling conduit (331) for flowing there through a coolant. The cooling conduit is arranged in proximity with the product conduit to permit heat exchange between the coolant in the cooling conduit and the beverage liquor in the product conduit to cool the beverage liquor to thereby form a plurality of ice crystals within the beverage liquor. The product conduit comprises an outlet (393) for discharging the beverage liquor containing the plurality of ice crystals from the product conduit towards a beverage dispensing outlet (303) and two or more beverage liquor inlets (394, 395) for inputting beverage liquor into the product conduit.

Abstract: A masonry wall is provided with a plurality of passageways. At least one reinforcement member is provided in each of the passageways. The reinforcement members include a first group of reinforcement members each having a centre line on the first side of a midplane of the wall and a second group of reinforcement members each having a centre line on the second side of the midplane. The passageways include slots that are open horizontally to the first side of the wall only. The second group of reinforcement members are arranged in passageways located spaced from the second wall surface opposite of the first wall surface. The reinforcement members in the passageways are each embedded in an adhesive substance bonded to the reinforcement members and to an inner surface of the passageway in which the reinforcement member is provided.

Abstract: A masonry wall is provided with a plurality of passageways. At least one reinforcement member is provided in each of the passageways. The reinforcement members include a first group of reinforcement members each having a centre line on the first side of a midplane of the wall and a second group of reinforcement members each having a centre line on the second side of the midplane. The passageways include slots that are open horizontally to the first side of the wall only. The second group of reinforcement members are arranged in passageways located spaced from the second wall surface opposite of the first wall surface. The reinforcement members in the passageways are each embedded in an adhesive substance bonded to the reinforcement members and to an inner surface of the passageway in which the reinforcement member is provided.