Abstract: A structure assembled by first and second stackable layers having properties allowing for the first and second stackable layers to be shaped into at least first and second different shapes, and at least one fastener to releasably secure the first and second stackable layers together in one of the at least first and second shapes in a semi-rigid or rigid, and unitary construction. The first and second stackable layers are secured into one of the at least first and second shapes by the at least one fastener to form a semi-rigid or rigid, and unitary construction.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and means for reliably releasing maternal and/or paternal DNA from single seeds without substantially affecting the subsequent germination of the seeds. The methods are particularly suited for genome analysis of small grain cereals, including wheat. The methods may include enzymatic treatments for improved DNA recovery.

Abstract: A diagnosis method for the diagnosis of the correct function of a heating and/or cooling system with at least one load circuit (6), through which a fluid flows as a heat transfer medium. For the diagnosis an opening degree (Vpos,n) of the load circuit (6) is changed for changing the flow. Subsequently a differential pressure (Hpu) across the load circuit (6) and/or a volume flow of a fluid flowing through the load circuit (6) is detected and the detected values, or at least a value derived from the detected values, are/is compared to at least one predefined system limit value.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and means for reliably releasing maternal and/or paternal DNA from single seeds without substantially affecting the subsequent germination of the seeds. The methods are particularly suited for genome analysis of small grain cereals, including wheat. The methods may include enzymatic treatments for improved DNA recovery.

Abstract: A regulating method for a heating and/or cooling system uses at least one load circuit (6), through which a fluid as a heat transfer medium flows and switches the at least one load circuit (6) on and off in dependence on a room temperature in a room to be thermally regulated by the at least one load circuit (6). A feed temperature (Tmix) of the fluid fed to the at least one load circuit (6) is set in dependence on the relative switch-on duration (D) of the at least one load circuit (6). A manifold device is also provided for a heating and/or cooling system with a control device for carrying out such a regulating method.

Abstract: A diagnosis method for the diagnosis of the correct function of a heating and/or cooling system with at least one load circuit (6), through which a fluid flows as a heat transfer medium. For the diagnosis an opening degree (Vpos,n) of the load circuit (6) is changed for changing the flow. Subsequently a differential pressure (Hpu) across the load circuit (6) and/or a volume flow of a fluid flowing through the load circuit (6) is detected and the detected values, or at least a value derived from the detected values, are/is compared to at least one predefined system limit value.

Abstract: A regulating method for a heating and/or cooling system uses at least one load circuit (6), through which a fluid as a heat transfer medium flows and switches the at least one load circuit (6) on and off in dependence on a room temperature in a room to be thermally regulated by the at least one load circuit (6). A feed temperature (Tmix) of the fluid fed to the at least one load circuit (6) is set in dependence on the relative switch-on duration (D) of the at least one load circuit (6). A manifold device is also provided for a heating and/or cooling system with a control device for carrying out such a regulating method.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-monosubstituted ?-aminoalcohol sulfonates of formula (1a), (1b): wherein R1 is C6-20-aryl or C4-12-heteroaryl, each optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms and/or one or more C1-4-alkyl or C1-4-alkoxy groups, R2 is C1-4-alkyl or C6-20-aryl, each aryl optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms and/or one or more C1-4-alkyl or C1-4-alkoxy groups, and wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-18-alkyl, C6-20-cycloalkyl, C6-20-aryl and C7-20-aralkyl residues; including a) reacting a methyl ketone, a primary amine, formaldehyde and a sulfonic acid, at a pressure above 1.5 bar, optionally in a organic solvent, said organic solvent which can include water to provide N-monosubstituted ?-aminoketone sulfonates of formula (II): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above, and b) asymmetrically hydrogenating.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-monosubstituted ?-aminoalcohol sulfonates of formula (1a), (1b): wherein R1 is C6-20-aryl or C4-12-heteroaryl, each optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms and/or one or more C1-4-alkyl or C1-4-alkoxy groups, R2 is C1-4-alkyl or C6-20-aryl, each aryl optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms and/or one or more C1-4-alkyl or C1-4-alkoxy groups, and wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-18-alkyl, C6-20-cycloalkyl, C6-20-aryl and C7-20-aralkyl residues; including a) reacting a methyl ketone, a primary amine, formaldehyde and a sulfonic acid, at a pressure above 1.5 bar, optionally in a organic solvent, said organic solvent which can include water to provide N-monosubstituted ?-aminoketone sulfonates of formula (II): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above, and b) asymmetrically hydrogenating.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-monosubstituted ?-aminoalcohol sulfonates of formula (Ia), (Ib): wherein R1 is C6-20-aryl or C4-12-heteroaryl, each optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms and/or one or more C1-4-alkyl or C1-4-alkoxy groups, R2 is C1-4-alkyl or C6-20-aryl, each aryl optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms and/or one or more C1-4-alkyl or C1-4-alkoxy groups and wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-18-alkyl, C6-20-cycloalkyl, C6-20-aryl and C7-20-aralkyl residues. The process has the steps of (a) reacting a methyl ketone, a primary amine, formaldehyde and a sulfonic acid, at a pressure above 1.5 bar, optionally in a organic solvent, the organic solvent optionally containing water, to afford N-monosubstituted ?-aminoketone sulfonates of formula (II): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above, and (b) asymmetrically hydrogenating.

Abstract: The invention provides a fluid controller for controlling a machine, e.g. for steering a vehicle. The controller comprises a housing defining an inlet port connected to the source and an outlet port connected to the pressure operated device. The flow rate is controlled by movement of a valve member within the housing, and a processor provides a reference which is indicative of a desired position of the valve member relative to the housing. The fluid controller comprises a fault detection system based on an observer. The observer calculates a theoretically correct position of the valve member relative to the housing for a given reference, and compares this position to an obtained position of the valve member relative to the housing. The difference between the positions is compared with a threshold value. In order to dynamically change the sensitivity of the system, the threshold value is scaled based on a gradient of the reference.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine-3,4-diols of the formulae: including the steps of: a) bioxidation of N-protected aminotetraols of the formula: b) deprotection of the corresponding 5-amino-5-deoxy-pentulose of the formula: and c) hydrogenation of the corresponding 5-amino-5-deoxy-pentulose of the formula:

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-monosubstituted ?-aminoalcohol sulfonates of formula (Ia), (Ib): wherein R1 is C6-20-aryl or C4-12-heteroaryl, each optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms and/or one or more C1-4-alkyl or C1-4-alkoxy groups, R2 is C1-4-alkyl or C6-20-aryl, each aryl optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms and/or one or more C1-4-alkyl or C1-4-alkoxy groups and wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-18-alkyl, C6-20-cycloalkyl, C6-20-aryl and C7-20-aralkyl residues. The process has the steps of (a) reacting a methyl ketone, a primary amine, formaldehyde and a sulfonic acid, at a pressure above 1.5 bar, optionally in a organic solvent, the organic solvent optionally containing water, to afford N-monosubstituted ?-aminoketone sulfonates of formula (II): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above, and (b) asymmetrically hydrogenating.

Abstract: The invention provides a fluid controller for controlling a machine, e.g. for steering a vehicle. The controller comprises a housing defining an inlet port connected to the source and an outlet port connected to the pressure operated device. The flow rate is controlled by movement of a valve member within the housing, and a processor provides a reference which is indicative of a desired position of the valve member relative to the housing. The fluid controller comprises a fault detection system based on an observer. The observer calculates a theoretically correct position of the valve member relative to the housing for a given reference, and compares this position to an obtained position of the valve member relative to the housing. The difference between the positions is compared with a threshold value. In order to dynamically change the sensitivity of the system, the threshold value is scaled based on a gradient of the reference.

Abstract: The invention concerns a hydraulic steering with a steering motor arrangement, a steering valve arrangement and a pressure supply comprising a first pump and a second pump. It is endeavoured to perform a change between the supplies by the pumps as unperceived as possible. For this purpose, the steering valve arrangement (4) is connected to the first pump (6) through a valve (8) with pressure compensation function and to the second pump (19) through a compensation valve (26).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine-3,4-diols of the formulae comprising the steps of a) biooxidation of N-protected aminotetraols of the formula b) deprotection of the corresponding N-protected 5-amino-5-deoxy-pentulose c) hydrogenation of the corresponding 5-amino-5-deoxy-pentulose.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of compounds of the formula HO-Ar-COOH in which Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring system, by oxidizing, by means of oxygen or compounds which donate oxygen, compounds of the formula HO-Ar-R.sub.1 in which R.sub.1 is alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and Ar is as defined above, or the O-acyl derivatives of these compounds, in an organic solvent at 80.degree. to 130.degree. C. and in the presence of an acylating agent, a cobalt and/or manganese compound and a compound which donates bromide, ions, and subsequently hydrolysing the products in a conventional manner. In the presence of the acylating agent, a selective oxidation of the hydroxyl-substituted aromatic compounds to carboxylated hydroxy compounds, which are obtained in a good state of purity and yield, is obtained without the application of pressure.The compounds obtained in accordance with the process are, for example, valuable intermediates for the preparation of dyes, plastics and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of alkyl-substituted phenols or naphthols by oxidizing the corresponding dialkylbenzenes or dialkylnaphthalenes, respectively, at elevated temperatures of, for example, 70.degree. to 130.degree. C. by means of oxygen or oxygen donors, in the absence of solvents and in the presence of an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid having 5 to 14 carbon atoms, to give the corresponding 2,6-dialkylnaphthalene-or 1,4-dialkylphenyl monohydroperoxides and subsequently hydrolysing the latter in a customary manner.The process results in pure, easily isolatable products in a good yield. The products of the process according to the invention are valuable precursors and intermediates for, inter alia, dyes, plastics or pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene from 2,6-dialkylnaphthalenes, which are dissolved in an inert solvent and are oxidized at temperatures from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. by means of oxygen or oxygen donors, in the presence of an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid having 5 to 14 carbon atoms, to give the corresponding 2,6-dialkylnaphthalene dihydroperoxides, and the latter are subsequently hydrolysed.The process results in pure, easily isolatable products in a good yield. The process products according to the invention are valuable intermediates for, inter alia, dyes, plastics, synthetic fibres, polymeric liquid crystals or pharmaceuticals.