Abstract: The invention relates to a polymer structure (1) formed by at least a polymer, wherein said structure (1) comprises a volume (2) and a surface (3), wherein said polymer comprises a plurality of polymer chains connected by linkings, characterized by a linking density, wherein said linking density increases, particularly monotonously, from the surface (3) into the volume (2) of the polymer structure (1).

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to a membrane closure device (100) for closing a perforation in a membrane (10), comprising: a patch guiding mechanism (110) for guiding at least one expandable patch (120) to a perforation site (12) of a membrane (10); and a fastener delivery mechanism (130, 330) for delivering a fastener (140) to the perforation site (12) and for fastening the at least one expandable patch by the fastener (140) to the membrane (10) to seal the perforation in the membrane (10) by the at least one expandable patch (120).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, a device and a system for producing particularly a hydrogel (200) and for controlling an enzymatically catalyzed formation of a covalent bond in a solution, wherein said covalent bond is formed between a first compound (20) comprising a first moiety (21) and a second compound (22) comprising a second moiety (23), wherein the first and the second moiety (21, 23) are a substrate of an enzyme wherein said enzyme catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond between the first and the second moiety (21, 23), and wherein a voltage is applied to the solution for spatially controlling said formation, wherein said voltage is adjusted such that it induces electrolysis of said solution.

Abstract: An implant for vascular implantation in a body is provided with a surface which, in the implanted state, is provided for contact with the body or with a bodily fluid and which is at least for the most part hydrated. The surface is advantageously provided as a bare metal surface of a chromium-containing alloy. The vascular implant is used to regulate an adsorption of proteins on the surface of the implant, in respect of the type, quantity and/or conformation of certain proteins, by a defined surface which is at least for the most part hydrated.

Abstract: An implant for implantation into a body is provided with a surface that is provided for contact with the body or a bodily fluid when implanted and which surface has a first surface charge when in a first state. The surface assumes a second state having a second surface charge as a result of surface treatment, the second surface charge being a lower positive surface charge or a higher negative surface charge than the first surface charge. The implant is used for regulating an adsorption of proteins on the surface of the implant in terms of type, quantity and/or conformation of certain proteins by means of a defined second state of the surface, which has a defined second surface charge and/or a defined predetermined composition of an oxide layer of the surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymer structure (1) formed by at least a polymer, wherein said structure (1) comprises a volume (2) and a surface (3), wherein said polymer comprises a plurality of polymer chains connected by linkings, characterized by a linking density, wherein said linking density increases, particularly monotonously, from the surface (3) into the volume (2) of the polymer structure (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, a device and a system for producing particularly a hydrogel (200) and for controlling an enzymatically catalysed formation of a covalent bond in a solution, wherein said covalent bond is formed between a first compound (20) comprising a first moiety (21) and a second compound (22) comprising a second moiety (23), wherein the first and the second moiety (21, 23) are a substrate of an enzyme wherein said enzyme catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond between the first and the second moiety (21, 23), and wherein a voltage is applied to the solution for spatially controlling said formation, wherein said voltage is adjusted such that it induces electrolysis of said solution.