Abstract: A computer-implemented method for training an artificial intelligence based neural network is provided. At least one digital image of at least one security document is provided as a reference. A set of digital training images is provided, wherein these are altered compared to the digital image of the security document. The set of digital training images includes a first subset of positive digital training images having a visual impact of an alteration such that an unbiased human observer would consider a reproduction of the respective digital training image to represent the security document or multiple security documents. The set of digital training images includes a second subset of negative digital training images. Ground truth is provided to the neural network as to whether a reproduction of the respective digital training image is to be considered representing the security document or multiple security documents or not.

Abstract: The security document, such as a passport, comprises a lightguide having an incoupler structure and in outcoupler structure. The outcoupler structure is sparse in the sense that any part of the protective area is close to a part of the outcoupler structure. However, to secure a large protective area with a limited amount of incoupled light, outcoupler structure covers no more than 20% of the protective area. This allows to protect a large area of the security document, such as a photograph or other personalized information, by means of the lightguide.

Abstract: The security document, such as a passport, comprises a lightguide having an incoupler structure and in outcoupler structure. The outcoupler structure is sparse in the sense that any part of the protective area is close to a part of the outcoupler structure. However, to secure a large protective area with a limited amount of incoupled light, outcoupler structure covers no more than 20% of the protective area. This allows to protect a large area of the security document, such as a photograph or other personalized information, by means of the lightguide.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for preventing unauthorized processing of a digital representation of at least a portion of a document, a device for data processing, and a computer program product are provided, wherein in particular the document is a banknote. The method comprises providing data, wherein the data is based on the digital representation of at least a portion of a test element. The digital representation may be an image file corresponding to the at least one portion of the test element. The method also involves analyzing the data with regard to data representing at least one characterizing feature of the at least one portion of the document. The method further comprises activating prohibiting means if the data being based on the digital representation of the at least one portion of the test element is similar to the data representing the at least one characterizing feature.

Abstract: The identification document comprises a personalized area carrying owner-specific information, such as an owner's name data or photograph, The personalized area is overlapped by a lightguide, The lightguide comprises a primary incoupler and a primary outcoupler on opposite sides of the personalized area. Any attempt to tamper with the personalized area may lead to a damage in the lightguide, which can easily be detected by coupling light into the primary incoupler and testing the light coupled out by the primary outcoupler.

Abstract: An anti-forgery security device comprises an optical waveguide, an out-coupler having first macroscopically repetitive elements and being arranged to couple out light from the waveguide, and a light processing structure comprising second macroscopically repetitive elements and being arranged to process light coupled out by said out-coupler. The first and second elements are arranged on opposite sides of the waveguide. The device generates e.g. Moire and/or parallax effects from light propagating along the waveguide. Third, absorbing elements may be added to generate effects without light in the waveguide.

Abstract: The carrier for representing a monetary value as a means of payment comprises a substrate, a control unit mounted to the substrate, a value store for storing a carrier value of the carrier, and an interface circuit for electronic communication of an external device with the control unit. The control unit is adapted and structured to modify the value store upon receipt of a request through said interface circuit. A large number of such carriers is used in a payment infrastructure having a plurality of terminal devices that are able to communicate with the carriers through their interface circuits. The infrastructure further comprises a central server device. Values can be transferred to and/or from individual carriers by various methods. A number of measures are described to protect the carriers and the rest of the infrastructure from tampering.

Abstract: The carrier for representing a monetary value as a means of payment comprises a substrate, a control unit mounted to the substrate, a value store for storing a carrier value of the carrier, a display device for displaying a status of the carrier and an interface circuit for electronic communication of an external device with the control unit. Further, an authentication device is provide for verifying the authenticity of the status shown by the display device. The authentication device e.g. comprises an optically variable device, a diffractive structure, an at least partially transparent structure, a grating, a Fresnel-lens, an optical polarizer, or a periodic structure. It is e.g. overlaid with or can be brought to overlay with the display device. It makes tampering with the display device more difficult.

Abstract: The carrier for representing a monetary value as a means of payment comprises a substrate, a control unit mounted to the substrate, a value store for storing a carrier value of the carrier. and an interface circuit for electronic communication of an external device with the control unit. The carrier further comprises an owner store for storing the current owner of the earner. the current owner can e.g. be displayed on a display device of the carrier, or it can be used for restricting certain privileged operations on the carrier to its current owner. A large number of such carriers is used in a payment infrastructure having a plurality of terminal devices that are able to communicate with the carriers through their interface circuits, The infrastructure further comprises a central server device, Values can be transferred to and/or from individual carriers by various methods. A number of measures are described to protect the carriers and the rest of the infrastructure horn tampering.

Abstract: In order to support the verification of a security document, the document is placed on a verification device having a touchscreen. A conductive structure embedded in the document is detected by the touchscreen and the position and orientation of a window in the document is calculated therefrom. The verification device then displays an image positioned and rotated to appear at the location of the window. The image may interact with the document to generate Moiré patterns, fluorescent images or animations.

Abstract: A security document includes a non-homogeneous region formed e.g. by a structure of bars that vary the document's thickness dielectric permittivity or electrical conductance. The structure is verified by placing the document on the capacitive touchscreen of a verification device. Then, the user moves a finger or pen along the structure, which gives rise to a varying capacitive signal in the verification device. The signal can then be analyzed for deriving information about the document.

Abstract: A security document has a substrate (1) with a foil element (6) applied to it. The foil element (6) includes a security feature, such as a diffractive structure (12), for example a hologram. To easily detect a removal of the foil element (6) using conventional detection devices, markings (4, 14, 15) intersecting with the foil element (6) are printed onto the top surface (7) of the foil element (6), the bottom surface (8) of the foil element (6), or onto the substrate (1), thus that they are removed together with the foil element (6).

Abstract: A method for verifying the authenticity of a security document by means of a camera-equipped cellphone comprises steps of acquiring a transmission mode image and a reflection mode image of the security document. Transmitted light through a plurality of perforations in a substrate of the security document is evaluated by means of the cellphone. Then, a relative positioning of the perforations with respect to a printed security features is determined, and the security document is considered “authentic” if the determined positions and the acquired images substantially correspond to pre-stored “templates” for the security document. The perforations are structured such that they are not visible to the naked eye of a human observer which makes it harder to counterfeit the security document.

Abstract: A security document comprises a substrate (1) and an optical waveguide (7). Couplers (10a, 10b) are provided in the waveguide (7) for coupling light into and out of the waveguide. The couplers (10a, 10b) can e.g. by gratings, scattering objects, holograms, luminescent dyes or perforations. The authenticity of the document can be verified using methods based on the properties of the waveguide.

Abstract: A method for verifying the authenticity of a security document by means of a camera-equipped cellphone comprises steps of acquiring a transmission mode image and a reflection mode image of the security document. Transmitted light through a plurality of perforations in a substrate of the security document is evaluated by means of the cellphone. Then, a relative positioning of the perforations with respect to a printed security features is determined, and the security document is considered “authentic”, if the determined positions and the acquired images substantially correspond to pre-stored “templates” for the security document. The perforations are structured such that they are not visible to the naked eye of a human observer which makes it harder to counterfeit the security document.

Abstract: A security document comprises a substrate (1) and an optical waveguide (7). Couplers (10a, 10h) are provided in the waveguide (7) for coupling light into and out of the waveguide. The couplers (10a, 10b) can e.g. by gratings, scattering objects, holograms, luminescent dyes or perforations. The authenticity of the document can be verified using methods based on the properties of the waveguide.

Abstract: A security document has a substrate (1) with a foil element (6) applied to it. The foil element (6) comprises a security feature, such as a diffractive structure (12), for example a hologram. To easily detect a removal of the foil element (6) using conventional detection devices, markings (4, 14, 15) intersecting with the foil element (6) are printed onto the top surface (7) of the foil element (6), the bottom surface (8) of the foil element (6), or onto the substrate (1), thus that they are removed together with the foil element (6).

Abstract: A security document comprises a substrate (1) and an optical waveguide (7). Couplers (10a, 10b) are provided in the waveguide (7) for coupling light into and out of the waveguide. The couplers (10a, 10b) can e.g. by gratings, scattering objects, holograms, luminescent dyes or perforations. The authenticity of the document can be verified using methods based on the properties of the waveguide.

Abstract: The security object comprises a substrate, a surface structure and a hologram layer. A volume hologram is arranged in the hologram layer. The hologram layer is deformed in homogeneously by the surface structure, which gives rise to readily detectable changes in the reflections from the volume hologram. These changes can be used to verify the authenticity of the object. The surface structure can e.g. be applied using intaglio printing techniques or embossing. Alternatively or in addition to the deformation of the hologram layer by means of the surface structure, the hologram layer may also be deformed by embossing.

Abstract: A security object has a substrate (1) carrying a first motif (6) and mutually aligned thereto a second motif (7). The first motif (6) is formed by a volume hologram (8) and visible under a given viewing condition only. The second motif (7) can e.g. be a dye, a surface hologram, a perforation or any other non-variable or optically variable device. The first and the second motif (6, 7) combine to form a third motif, e.g. a legible text. The combination of the first motif (6) formed by a volume hologram (8) with the second motif provides an increased level of security.