Abstract: 4,6-difluorodibenzofuran derivatives of the formula I the preparation thereof, the use thereof as components in liquid-crystalline media and electro-optical display elements which contain the liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) display of the FFS type comprising a liquid crystal medium with negative dielectric anisotropy and a di- or multireactive polymerizable compound, and an alignment layer inducing planar alignment in the LC medium.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula I, and a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and negative dielectric anisotropy, which comprises a) one or more compounds of the formula I and b) one or more compounds of the formulae II-1 to II-4, in which the parameters have the meanings defined herein, are suitable for use in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the VA, ECB, PALC, FFS or IPS effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ionization chamber for connection to a mass spectrometer. The ionization chamber has a temperature-control block with a gas inlet and a gas channel which starts at the gas inlet and leads into a gas outlet. A temperature-control device is positioned along the gas channel and ensures that a gas flowing in the gas channel is brought to a specific temperature, i.e. it is heated or cooled, before it enters the ionization chamber. The temperature-control block has a formed part into which a structure of the gas channel is incorporated and which is fabricated by means of a sol-gel process, for example out of a glass or ceramic material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerizable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula I, and a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and negative dielectric anisotropy, which comprises a) one or more compounds of the formula I and b) one or more compounds of the formulae II-1 to II-4, in which the parameters have the meanings defined herein, are suitable for use in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the VA, ECB, PALC, FFS or IPS effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound of the formula IA, IB, IC, ID and/or IE, in which Z1 denotes a single bond, —CH2CH2—, —CH?CH—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C2F4—, —C?C—, —CF?CF— or —CH?CHCHO—, and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, UB-FFS, PS-FFS, PS-IPS or IPS effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium, to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PS (“polymer sustained”) or PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type, and to LC displays, especially PS or PSA displays, comprising said LC medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to organic electroluminescent devices which comprise aromatic ring systems with two or three condensed rings as emitter materials, and to their possible uses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PS (“polymer sustained”) or PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type.

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound of the formula I, in which R1 and R1* each, independently of one another, denote an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, where, in addition, one or more CH2 groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —C?C—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH?CH—, ?—O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, L1 and L2 each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, and the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PA-VA, PS-VA, PALC, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS or PS-FFS effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ionization chamber for connection to a mass spectrometer. The ionization chamber has a temperature-control block with a gas inlet and a gas channel which starts at the gas inlet and leads into a gas outlet. A temperature-control device is positioned along the gas channel and ensures that a gas flowing in the gas channel is brought to a specific temperature, i.e. it is heated or cooled, before it enters the ionization chamber. The temperature-control block has a formed part into which a structure of the gas channel is incorporated and which is fabricated by means of a sol-gel process, for example out of a glass or ceramic material.

Abstract: Polymerizable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PS (“polymer sustained”) or PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula I, in which X1, X2, Sp, and R are as defined herein, and to the use thereof in liquid-crystal media, but also to the use of these liquid-crystal media in liquid-crystal displays, and also to liquid-crystal displays of this type per se.

Abstract: The invention relates to organic electroluminescent devices comprising organic compounds with a double or triple bond, to which at least one aromatic ring is bonded, as emitter compounds. The invention also relates to possible uses of said devices.

Abstract: The invention concerns polymers, electroluminescence devices, compositions and their use.

Abstract: 4,6-difluorodibenzofuran derivatives of the formula I the preparation thereof, the use thereof as components in liquid-crystalline media and electro-optical display elements which contain the liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerizable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PS (“polymer sustained”) or PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) display of the FFS type comprising a liquid crystal medium with negative dielectric anisotropy and a di- or multireactive polymerizable compound, and an alignment layer inducing planar alignment in the LC medium.

Abstract: A fluid operated actuator (100) is provided. The fluid operated actuator (100) includes a body (101) forming a piston bore (201). A piston (111) is movable within the piston bore (201). The fluid operated actuator (100) also includes a valve unit (105) coupled to the body (101) and including a fluid inlet port (217), a fluid exhaust port (220), and a valve member (214) configured to selectively open a fluid flow path between the fluid inlet port (217) and the piston bore (201) and between the exhaust port (220) and the piston bore (201). The fluid operated actuator (100) can also include a control unit (106) coupled to the body (101) and the valve unit (105). The control unit (106) can include a pilot input port (317a) in fluid communication with the fluid inlet port (217). The control unit (106) can also include first and second pilot output ports (317b, 317c) in fluid communication with the valve member (214).